Comparative Induction of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Infectious Bursal Disease Virus-Infected Chickens, Turkeys and Ducks

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

2 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease of chickens. The mechanism of tolerance in turkeys and ducks is not yet deciphered. This study investigated the pathogenesis of IBD in chickens, turkeys and ducks by assessing the severity of oxidative stress and antioxidant response in infected birds. Forty chicks and 35 turkey poults and ducklings at 4 weeks were separated into two groups/bird species (A and B), i.e., chickens, CA and CB; turkeys, TA and TB; and ducks, DA and DB. Each bird in group A was inoculated with 1LD50 IBD virus, while group B served as control. Infected birds were bled, and liver, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius (BF) were harvested at 5 days post-infection and assayed for MDA, H2O2, NO, MPO, GSH, GPx, SOD and GST using standard methods. Results indicated that MDA level (µmol/mg protein) was higher in liver (13.11 ± 1.77) and kidney (11.10 ± 0.16) of CA than in DA (2.74 ± 0.01; 7.62 ± 0.37) and TA (1.42 ± 0.09; 6.79 ± 0.27). H2O2 level (µmol/min/mg protein) in BF of CA (49.10 ± 3.99) was higher than DA (35.89 ± 1.54) and TA (36.07 ± 2.18). MPO level in CA was higher than in DA and TA. Superoxide dismutase activity (unit/mg protein) in BF of CA (11.56 ± 1.85) was higher than DA (8.59 ± 0.15) and TA (7.00 ± 0.42) and GSH level (µmol/mg protein) was higher in BF of DA and TA (105.81 ± 1.59 and 93.89 ± 7.93) than in CA (92.30 ± 3.12). GPx level (unit/mg protein) was higher in the liver of DA and TA (26.81 ± 2.45 and 30.01 ± 2.18) than CA (24.21 ± 0.94) as well as in BF of TA (92.79 ± 3.38) than in CA and DA (83.63 ± 4.62, 81.85 ± 4.42).  Thus, chickens undergo a higher degree of oxidative stress post-IBD virus infection than ducks and turkeys. Simultaneously, the antioxidant defense system was generally more active in infected ducks and turkeys than in chickens.

Keywords

References

Amini MA, Karimi J, Talebi SS & Piri H. 2022. The association of COVID-19 and reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1) with oxidative stress. Chonnam Medical Journal, 58: 1–5. DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2022.58.1.1
AVMA. 2020. American Veterinary Medical Association Guidelines for the euthanasia of animals. 2020 Edition. AVMA. IL. 121 pages. https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Guidelines-on-Euthanasia-2020.pdf
Farombi EO, Tahnteng JG, Agboola AO, Nwankwo JO & Emerole GO. 2000. Chemoprevention of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats by kolaviron—A Garcinia kola seed extract. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38(6):535-541. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00039-9
Gawel S, Wardas M, Niedworok E & Wardas P. 2004. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker. Wiadomości Lekarskie Medical Advances, 57(9-10): 453-5. PMID: 15765761
Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ & David MM. 1949. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. Journal of  Biological Chemistry, 177:751–766. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57021-6
Habig WH, Pabst MJ & Jakoby WB. 1974. Glutathione S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(22):7130-7139. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8
Heo S, Kim S, Kang D. 2020. The role of hydrogen peroxide and peroxiredoxins throughout the cell cycle. Antioxidants, 9: 280. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040280
Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Zampaglione N, Gillette JR. 1974. Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis. Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4-bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacology, 11:151–169.   DOI: 10.1159/000136485
Kegne T, Chanie M. 2014. Review on the incidence and pathology of infectious bursal disease. British Poultry Science, 3(3): 68-77. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.bjps.2014.3.3.8556
Khatri M & Sharma JM. 2009. Response of embryonic chicken lymphoid cells to infectious bursal disease virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 127: 316–324. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.327
Ley DH, Yamamoto R & Bickford AA. 1983. The pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease: Serologic, histopathologic and clinical chemical observations. Avian Diseases, 27(4):1060–85. PMID: 6316894.
Madi M, Babu S, Kumari S, Shetty S, Achalli S, Madiyal A & Bhat M. 2016. Status of Serum and salivary levels of superoxide dismutase in type 2 diabetes mellitus with oral manifestations: A case control study. Ethiopian-Journal of Health Sciences, 26(6): 523-532.  DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v26i6.4
Migdal C & Serres M. 2011. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Medical Sciences, 27(4):405-12. DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2011274017
Misra HP & Fridovich I. 1972. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 247 (10): 3170-3175. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)45228-9
Mytilineou C, Kramer BC & Yabut JA. 2002. Glutathione depletion and oxidative stress. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 8(6): 385-7. DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(02)00018-4
Nicholls SJ & Hazen SL. 2005. Myeloperoxidase and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 25: 1102-1111. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000163262.83456.6d
Oladele OA, Adene DF, Obi TU, Nottidge HO & Aiyedun AI. 2005. Sequential hematological study of experimental infectious bursal disease virus infection in chickens, turkeys and ducks. Revue D'élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire Des Pays Tropicaux, 58(4):211-5. DOI : 10.19182/remvt.9914
Oladele OA, Adene DF, Obi TU & Nottidge HO. 2009. Comparative susceptibility of chickens, turkeys and ducks to infectious bursal disease virus using immunohistochemistry. Veterinary Research Communications, 33: 111–121. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9078-2
Olaleye SB, Adaramoye OA, Erigbali PP & Adeniyi OS. 2007. Lead exposure increases oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa of HCl/ethanol-exposed rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 13:5121–6. DOI : 10.3748/wjg.v13.i38.5121
Otitoju O, Onwurah INE, Otitoju GTO & Ugwu CE. 2008. Oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase activity in brain of rats fed with diet containing permethrin. Biokemistri, 20(2): 93-98. http://www.bioline.org.br/bk
Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Asenuga ER, Adejumobi AO, Ajibade TO, Ige TM, Ogunpolu BS, Adedapo AA & Yakubu MA. 2016. Sodium fluoride induces hypertension and cardiac complications through generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of nuclear factor kappa beta. Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 10 (2): 1089-1101.  DOI: 10.1002/tox.22306
Qin Y, Xu Z, Wang Y, Li X, Cao H & Zheng SJ. 2017. VP2 of infectious bursal disease induces apoptosis via triggering oral cancer overexpressed 1(ORAOV1) protein degradation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8: 1-19. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01351
Rehman ZU, Meng C, Sun Y, Safdar A, Pasha RH, Munir M & Ding C. 2018. Oxidative Stress in Poultry: Lessons from the viral infections. Oxidative Medicine Cellular Longevity, 2018. DOI: 10.1155/2018/5123147,
Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG & Hoekstra WG. 1973. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of Glutathione peroxidase. Science, 179 (4073):588-590. DOI: 10.1126/science.179.4073.588
Sharma JN, Al-Omran A & Parvathy SS. 2007. Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology, 15(6): 252-9.  DOI: 10.1007/s10787-007-0013-x
Sharma RK, Agrawal M & Marshall F. 2008. Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi. Environmental Pollution, 154:254–263.  DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.010
Townsend DM, Tew KD & Tapiero H. 2003. The importance of glutathione in human disease. Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy, 57(3-4):145-55. DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(03)00043-x
Wolff SP. 1994. Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange for measurement of hydroperoxides. Methods in Enzymology, 233:182-189. DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33021-2
Xia Y & Zweier JL. Measurement of myeloperoxidase in leukocyte-containing tissues. Analytical Biochemistry, 245:93-96 (1). DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.9940
Poultry Science Journal
Volume 13, Issue 2
June 2025
Pages 171-180

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics