Abu Isha AA, Abd El-Hamid AE, Ziena HM & Ahmed HA. 2018. Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata) on productive and physiological parameters of broiler chicks. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 38(3): 815-829. DOI: 10.21608/epsj.2018.17106
Adil S, Banday T, Bhat GA, Mir MS & Rehman M. 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine International, 479485–479487. DOI: 10.4061/2010/479485
Adil S, Banday T, Bhat GH, Salahuddin M, RaquIb M & Shanaz S. 2011. Response of broiler chicken to dietary supplementation of organic acids. Journal of Central European Agriculture,
12(
3): 498–508. DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/12.3.947
Aviagen. 2019. Ross 308 Broiler Nutrition Specifications. Aviagen Ltd, Newbridge, UK.
Azadegan Mehr M, Hassanabadi A, Moghaddam HN & Kermanshahi H. 2014. Supplementation of clove essential oils and probiotic on blood components, lymphoid organs and immune response in broiler chickens. Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 4(4).
Bouhaddouda N, Aouadi S & Labiod R. 2016. Evaluation of chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil and methanolic extract of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. glandulosum (DESF.) Ietswaart from Algeria. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8: 104-112.
Basmacioğlu Malayoğlu H, Baysal Ş, Misirlioğlu Z, Polat MELTEM, Yilmaz H & Turan N. 2010. Effects of oregano essential oil with or without feed enzymes on growth performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers fed on wheat–soybean meal diets. British poultry science, 51(1): 67-80. DOI: 10.1080/00071660903573702
Caly DL, D'Inca R, Auclair E & Drider D. 2015. Alternatives to antibiotics to prevent necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a microbiologist's perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6: 1336. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb. 2015.01336
Chowdhury S, Mandal GP, Patra AK, Kumar P, Samanta I, Pradhan S & Samanta AK. 2018. Different essential oils in diets of broiler chickens: 2. Gut microbes and morphology, immune response, and some blood profile and antioxidant enzymes. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 236: 39-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2017.12.003
de Souza TB, Raimundo POB, Andrade SF, Hipólito TMM, Silva NC, Dias ALT & Dias DF. 2015. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 6-triazolo-6-deoxy eugenol glucosides. Carbohydrate Research, 410: 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres. 2015.04.002
Deepa K, Purushothaman MR, Vasanthakumar P & Sivakumar K. 2017. Serum biochemical parameters and meat quality influenced due to supplementation of sodium butyrate in broiler chicken. International Journal of Livestock Research, 7(8): 108-116. DOI: 10.5455/ijlr. 20170610051212
Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Saminathan M, Kumar A, Karthik K & Rahal A. 2014. Evidence based antibacterial potentials of medicinal plants and herbs countering bacterial pathogens especially in the era of emerging drug resistance: an integrated update. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10(1): 1-43. DOI:10.3923/ ijp.2014.1.43
Dehghani-Tafti N & Jahanian R. 2016. Effect of supplemental organic acids on performance, carcass characteristics, and serum biochemical metabolites in broilers fed diets containing different crude protein levels. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 211: 109-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2015.09.019
Du E, Gan L, Li Z, Wang W, Liu D & Guo Y. 2015. In vitro antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol and their effects on broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 6: 1-12. DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0055-7
Du E, Wang W, Gan L, Li Z, Guo S & Guo Y. 2016. Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 7: 19-27. DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0079-7
Eid NM, Dahshan A, El-Nahass AS, Shalaby B & Ali A. 2018. Anticlostridial activity of the thyme and clove essential oils against experimentally induced necrotic enteritis in commercial broiler chickens. Veterinary Sciences: Research and Reviews, 4(1): 25-34.
El-Baroty GS, Abd El-Baky HH, Farag RS & Saleh MA. 2010. Characterization of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds of cinnamon and ginger essential oils. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 4(6): 167-174.
El-Maati MFA, Mahgoub SA, Labib SM, Al-Gaby AM & Ramadan MF. 2016. Phenolic extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) with novel antioxidant and antibacterial activities. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 8(4): 494-504. DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.02.006
Elnaggar AS & EL-Maaty HMA. 2017. Impact of using organic acids on growth performance, blood biochemical and hematological traits and immune response of ducks (Cairina moschata). Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 37(3): 907-925. DOI: 10.21608/EPSJ.2017.7740
El-Shenway AM & Ali GI. 2016. Effect of Some Organic Acids and Essential Oils as Feed Additives on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Quality of Japanese Quail. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences, 51(1). DOI: 10.5455/ajvs.242100
Falaki M, Shargh MS, Dastar B, Hashemi SR & Mahoonak AS. 2016. Growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens fed diets containing Carum copticum essential oil. Poultry Science Journal, 4(1): 37-46. DOI: 10.22069/PSJ.2016.2970
Fenton TW & Fenton M. 1979. An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 59(3): 631-634. DOI: 10.4141/cjas79-081
Friedewald WT, Levy RI & Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18(6): 499-502.
Gao Y Y, Zhang XL, Xu LH, Peng H, Wang CK & Bi YZ. 2019. Encapsulated blends of essential oils and organic acids improved performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microflora, and jejunal enzyme activity of broilers. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 64(5): 189-198. DOI: 10.17221/172/2018-CJAS
Gholamiandehkordi AR, Timbermont L, Lanckriet A, Broeck WVD, Pedersen K, Dewulf J & Immerseel FV. 2007. Quantification of gut lesions in a subclinical necrotic enteritis model. Avian Pathology, 36(5): 375-382. DOI: 10.1080/03079450701589118
Giannenas IA, Papaneophytou CP, Tsalie E, Triantafillou E, Tontis D & Kontopidis GA. 2014. The effects of benzoic acid and essential oil compounds in combination with protease on the performance of chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 23(1): 73-81. DOI: 10.22358/jafs/65719/2014
Gomathi G, Senthilkumar S, Natarajan A, Amutha R & Purushothaman MR. 2018. Effect of dietary supplementation of cinnamon oil and sodium butyrate on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chicken. Veterinary World, 11(7):959. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.959-964
Grilli E, Vitari F, Domeneghini C, Palmonari A, Tosi G, Fantinati P & Piva A. 2013. Development of a feed additive to reduce caecal Campylobacter jejuni in broilers at slaughter age: from in vitro to in vivo, a proof of concept. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 114(2): 308-317. DOI: 10.1111/ jam.12053
Harb AA, Bustanji YK, Almasri IM & Abdalla SS. 2019. Eugenol reduces LDL cholesterol and hepatic steatosis in hypercholesterolemic rats by modulating TRPV1 receptor. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 14003. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50352-4
Hesabi Nameghi A, Edalatian O & Bakhshalinejad R. 2019. Effects of a blend of thyme, peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils on growth performance, serum lipid and hepatic enzyme indices, immune response and ileal morphology and microflora in broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 103(5): 1388-1398. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13122
Hussein MM, Abd El-Hack ME, Mahgoub SA, Saadeldin IM & Swelum AA. 2019. Effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil on quail growth, carcass traits, blood components, meat quality, and intestinal microbiota. Poultry Science, 98(1): 319-329. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey348
Ibrahim D, Eldemery F, Metwally AS, Abd-Allah EM, Mohamed DT, Ismail TA & Marwa I. 2022. Dietary eugenol nanoemulsion potentiated performance of broiler chickens: Orchestration of digestive enzymes, intestinal barrier functions and cytokines related gene expression with a consequence of attenuating the severity of E. coli O78 infection. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9: 847580. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847580
Iqbal H, Rahman A, Khanum S, Arshad M, Badar IH, Asif AR & Iqbal MA. 2021. Effect of essential oil and organic acid on performance, gut health, bacterial count and serological parameters in broiler. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 23. DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1443
Jain PL, Patel SR & Desai MA. 2022. Patchouli oil: An overview on extraction method, composition and biological activities. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 34: 1–11. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1955761
Jamroz D, Orda J, Kamel C, Wiliczkiewicz A, Wertelecki T & Skorupińska J. 2003. The influence of phytogenic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 12(3): 583-596. DOI: 10.22358/ jafs/67752/2003
Jang IS, Ko YH, Yang HY, Ha JS, Kim JY, Kim JY & Lee CY. 2004. Influence of essential oil components on growth performance and the functional activity of the pancreas and small intestine in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 17(3): 394-400. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.394
Jerzsele A, Szeker K, Csizinszky R, Gere E, Jakab C, Mallo JJ & Galfi P. 2012. Efficacy of protected sodium butyrate, a protected blend of essential oils, their combination, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension against artificially induced necrotic enteritis in broilers. Poultry Science, 91(4): 837-843. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01853
Jeyakumar GE & Lawrence R. 2021. Mechanisms of bactericidal action of Eugenol against Escherichia coli. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 26: 100406. DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100406
Józefiak D, Kaczmarek S & Rutkowski A. 2010. The effects of benzoic acid supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 94(1): 29-34. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00875. x
Kamal AM & Ragaa NM. 2014. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Nature and Science, 12(2): 38-45. DOI: 10.4061/2010 /479485
Kang SN, Lee E, Lee MK & Lim SJ. 2011. Preparation and evaluation of tributyrin emulsion as a potent anti-cancer agent against melanoma. Drug delivery, 18(2): 143-149. DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010. 522610
Kriss M, Hazleton KZ, Nusbacher NM, Martin CG & Lozupone CA. 2018 Low diversity gut microbiota dysbiosis: drivers, functional implications and recovery. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 44: 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.07.003
Kumar A, Kheravii SK, Ionescu C, Blanchard A, Barekatain R, Bajagai YS & Wu SB. 2021. A microencapsulated mixture of eugenol and garlic tincture supplementation mitigates the effect of necrotic enteritis on intestinal integrity and increases goblet cells in broilers. Microorganisms, 9(7): 1451. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms 9071451
Lambert RJW, Skandamis PN, Coote PJ & Nychas GJ. 2001. A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91(3): 453-462. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01428. x
Lee C, Kim J, Shin SG & Hwang S. 2006. Absolute and relative QPCR quantification of plasmid copy number in Escherichia coli. Journal of Biotechnology, 123(3): 273-280. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec. 2005.11.014
Leeson S, Namkung H, Antongiovanni M & Lee EH. 2005. Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 84(9): 1418-1422. DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.9.1418
Li Z, Long L, Jin X, Li Y, Wu Q, Chen X, Zhang C. 2023. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10: 1107798. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1107798
Mahdavi R & Torki M. 2009. Study on usage period of dietary protected butyric acid on performance. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(9): 1702-1709.
Makowski Z, Lipiński K & Mazur-Kuśnirek M. 2022. The Effects of Different Forms of Butyric Acid on the Performance of Turkeys, Carcass Quality, Incidence of Footpad Dermatitis and Economic Efficiency. Animals, 12(11): 1458. DOI: 10.3390/ani12111458
Mandey JS. 2022. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) in poultry feed. In Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) (pp. 235-255). Academic Press. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85177-0.00015-X
McReynolds J, Waneck C, Byrd J, Genovese K, Duke S & Nisbet D. 2009. Efficacy of multistrain direct-fed microbial and phytogenetic products in reducing necrotic enteritis in commercial broilers. Poultry Science, 88(10): 2075-2080. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00106
Melaku M, Zhong R, Han H, Wan F, Yi B & Zhang H. 2021. Butyric and citric acids and their salts in poultry nutrition: Effects on gut health and intestinal microbiota. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(19): 10392. DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910392
Menconi A, Kuttappan VA, Hernandez-Velasco X, Urbano T, Matté F, Layton S, Kallapura G, Latorre J, Morales BE & Prado O. 2014. Evaluation of a Commercially Available Organic Acid Product on Body Weight Loss, Carcass Yield, and Meat Quality during Preslaughter Feed Withdrawal in Broiler Chickens: A Poultry Welfare and Economi Perspective. Poultry Science, 93: 448–455. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03444
Micciche AC, Foley SL, Pavlidis HO, McIntyre DR & Ricke SC. 2018. A review of prebiotics against Salmonella in poultry: current and future potential for microbiome research applications. Frontiers in veterinary science, 5: 191. DOI: 10.3389/fvets. 2018.00191
Miska KB & Fetterer RH. 2017. The mRNA expression of amino acid and sugar transporters, aminopeptidase, as well as the di-and tri-peptide transporter PepT1 in the intestines of Eimeria infected broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 96(2): 465-473. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew303
Mitsch P, Zitterl-Eglseer K, Köhler B, Gabler C, Losa R & Zimpernik I. 2004. The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 83(4): 669-675. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.4.669
Moquet PCA. 2018. Butyrate in broiler diets. Impact of butyrate presence in distinct gastrointestinal tract segments on digestive function, microbiota composition and immune responses. Ph.D., Wageningen University.
M'Sadeq SA, Wu S, Swick RA & Choct M. 2015. Towards the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens with in-feed antibiotics phasing-out worldwide. Animal Nutrition, 1(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.02.004
Mustafa A, Bai S, Zeng Q, Ding X, Wang J, Xuan Y & Zhang K. 2021. Effect of organic acids on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immunity of broiler chickens with and without coccidial challenge. AMB Express, 11: 1-18. DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01299-1
Namkung H, Yu H, Gong J & Leeson S .2011. Antimicrobial activity of butyrate glycerides toward Salmonella Typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. Poultry Science, 90(10): 2217-2222. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01498
Nava GM, Attene-Ramos MS, Gaskins HR & Richards JD. 2009. Molecular analysis of microbial community structure in the chicken ileum following organic acid supplementation. Veterinary Microbiology, 137(3-4): 345-353. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.037
Onunkwo DN, Jabbar A, Talha M, Rauf A, Javaid H, Munir MU, Irm N, Saleem MH. 2021. Response of starter broiler chickens to feed diets treated with organic acids. Advancements in Life Sciences, 8: 257–261.
Oviedo-Rondón EO, Hume ME, Barbosa NA, Sakomura NK, Weber G & Wilson JW. 2010. Ileal and caecal microbial populations in broilers given specific essential oil blends and probiotics in two consecutive grow-outs. Avian Biology Research, 3(4): 157-169. DOI: 10.3184/175815511X12919853724050
Özsoy B, Ölmez M, Karadağoğlu Ö & Şahin T. 2017. Determination of the effect of mixture of essential oil and organic acid containing at different levels on broiler rations on fattening performance, carcass parameters and some internal organ weights. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 57(2): 77-82.
Panda AK, Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN & Shyam Sunder G. 2009. Effect of butyric acid on performance, gastrointestinal tract health and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 22(7): 1026-1031.
Park SY, Byeon DS, Kim GW & Kim HY. 2021. Carcass and retail meat cuts quality properties of broiler chicken meat based on the slaughter age. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 63(1): 180-190. DOI: 10.5187/jast. 2021.e2
Pham VH, Abbas W, Huang J, He Q, Zhen W, Guo Y & Wang Z. 2022. Effect of blending encapsulated essential oils and organic acids as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers with necrotic enteritis. Poultry Science, 101(1): 101563. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101563
Pham VH, Kan L, Huang J, Geng Y, Zhen W, Guo Y & Wang Z. 2020. Dietary encapsulated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves gut health in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 11(1): 1-18. DOI: 10.1186/ s40104-019-0421-y
Ramota K, Abiodun B, Abdulazeez M & Abdulrazak Kannike M. 2018. Economics of Inclusion of Essential Oils in Broiler Feed. Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(4): 224-228.
Sadeghiyan Z, Kazemi fard M, Rezaei M & Jafarpour SA. 2023. Effect of encapsulated organic acids on intestinal microbial population, blood parameters, digestibility of nutrients, carcass characteristics and performance of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 15(1): 77-92. DOI: 10.22067/ijasr.2022.75043.1065
Sakamoto K, Hirose H, Onizuka A, Hayashi M, Futamura N, Kawamura Y & Ezaki T. 2000. Quantitative study of changes in intestinal morphology and mucus gel on total parenteral nutrition in rats. Journal of Surgical Research, 94(2): 99-106. DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5937
Santiani F, Silva ROS, Oliveira Júnior CAD, Withoeft JA, Cristo TG, Costa LS & Casagrande RA. 2023. Characterization of coccidiosis and evaluation of suggestive cases of subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 43: e07090. DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-7090
SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2001. SAS/STAT 8.0 User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, North Carolina.
Seifi S, Khoshbakht R, Sayraf R & Gilani A. 2018. Evaluation of a liquid yeast product on growth performance, anatomical structure, and gut microbiota of broilers challenged with suboptimal diet and heat stress. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire. 4(6): 93-103. DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.46828
Smith DJ, Barri A, Herges G, Hahn J, Yersin AG & Jourdan A. 2012. In vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of calcium [1-14C] butyrate in free or protected forms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(12): 3151-3157. DOI: 10.1021/ jf3001058
Smyth C, Brunton N P, Fogarty C & Bolton DJ. 2018. The effect of organic acid, trisodium phosphate and essential oil component immersion treatments on the microbiology of Cod (Gadus morhua) during chilled storage. Foods, 7(12): 200. DOI: 10.3390/foods7120200
Sokale AO, Menconi A, Mathis GF, Lumpkins B, Sims MD, Whelan RA & Doranalli K. 2019. Effect of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the intestinal structural integrity and growth performance of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis challenge. Poultry Science, 98(11): 5392-5400. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez368
Stamilla A, Messina A, Sallemi S, Condorelli L, Antoci F, Puleio R & Lanza M. 2020. Effects of microencapsulated blends of organics acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) as a feed additive for broiler chicken. a focus on growth performance, gut morphology and microbiology. Animals, 10(3): 442. DOI:
10.3390/ani10030442
Stefanello C, Rosa DP, Dalmoro YK, Segatto AL, Vieira MS, Moraes ML & Santin E. 2020. Protected blend of organic acids and essential oils improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of broiler chickens undergoing an intestinal challenge. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6: 491. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00491
Sultana N, Islam R, Bhakta S, John AS, Sinza SI & Hashem MA. 2023. Role of Clove and Tulsi on broiler health and meat production. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
, 30(6), 103654.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103654
Teissedre PL & Waterhouse AL. 2000. Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins by phenolic substances in different essential oils varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(9): 3801-3805.
DOI: 10.1021/ jf990921x
Torki M, Mohebbifar A & Mohammadi H. 2021. Effects of supplementing hen diet with Lavandula angustifolia and/or Mentha spicata essential oils on production performance, egg quality and blood variables of laying hens. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 7(1): 184-193. DOI:
10.1002/vms3.343
Vinolya RE, Balakrishnan U, Yasir B & Chandrasekar S. 2021. Effect of dietary supplementation of acidifiers and essential oils on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 30(3): 100179.
DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100179
Wade B & Keyburn A. 2015a. The true cost of necrotic enteritis. World's Poultry Science Journal, 31(7): 16-17.
Wade B, Keyburn A. 2015b. The true cost of necrotic enteritis. World Poultry, 31: 16–7
Wu W, Xiao Z, An W, Dong Y & Zhang B. 2018. Dietary sodium butyrate improves intestinal development and function by modulating the microbial community in broilers. PloS one, 13(5): e0197762. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197762
Yang Q, Chen B, Robinson K, Belem T, Lyu W, Deng Z & Zhang G. 2022. Butyrate in combination with forskolin alleviates necrotic enteritis, increases feed efficiency, and improves carcass composition of broilers. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 13(1): 3.
Yildirim BA, Tunc MA, Gül M, Yildirim F & Yıldız A. 2018. The effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract supplemented into broiler diets, on performance and blood parameters. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3): 001-009. DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2018.2.3.0057
Zhao X, Zheng S, Wei S, Tian Q, Tao Y, Bo R & Li J. 2022. The protective effect and potential mechanisms of eugenol against Salmonella in vivo and in vitro. Poultry Science, 101(5): 101801. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101801
Zou X, Ji J, Qu H, Wang J, Shu DM, Wang Y& Luo CL. 2019. Effects of sodium butyrate on intestinal health and gut microbiota composition during intestinal inflammation progression in broilers. Poultry Science, 98(10): 4449-4456. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez279
)