Al-Ankari A, Bradbury JM, Naylor CJ, Worthington KJ, Payne-Johnson C & Jones RC. 2001. Avian pneumovirus infection in broiler chicks inoculated with Escherichia coli at different time intervals. Avian Pathology, 30: 257-267. DOI: 10.1080/03079450120054686
Al-Ankari ARS, Al-Ramadan MA & El-Demerdash MM. 2004. Risk factors associated with prevalence of swollen head syndrome (SHS) in broiler chickens in Eastern Province - Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(10): 646-650. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2004.646.650
Alexander DJ & Jones RC. 2008. Chapter 25 – Paramyxoviridae. In: Poultry Diseases 6th Edition. Mark Pattison, Paul F. McMullin, Janet M. Bradbury, Dennis J. Alexander. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-2862-5.50030-1
Al-Hasan BA, Alhatami AO, Abdulwahab HM, Bustani GS, Hameed MA & Jawad AH. 2022. First report of avian metapneumovirus type B in Iraqi broiler flocks with swollen head syndrome, Veterinary World, 15(1): 16-21. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.16-21
Ali MZ, Park JE & Shin HJ. 2019. Serological survey of avian metapneumovirus infection in chickens in Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 28(4): 1330-1334. DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz050
Al-Shekaili T, Baylis M & Ganapathy K. 2015. Molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and avian metapneumoviruses in Oman backyard poultry. Research in Veterinary Science, 99: 46-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.12.018
Alvarez R, Lwamba HM, Kapczynski DR, Njenga MK & Seal BS. 2003. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence-based analysis of the avian metapneumovirus type C cell attachment glycoprotein gene: phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology of U.S. pneumoviruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(4): 1730–1735. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1730-1735.2003
Amarasinghe GK, Bào Y, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Bochnowski A, Briese T, Bukreyev A, Calisher CH, Chandran K, Collins PL, Dietzgen RG, Dolnik O, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Fang Q, Formenty P, Fouchier RAM, Ghedin E, Harding RM, Hewson R, Higgins CM, Hong J, Horie M, James AP, Jiāng D, Kobinger GP, Kondo H, Kurath G, Lamb RA, Lee B, Leroy EM, Li M, Maisner A, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Nowotny N, Patterson JL, Payne SL, Paweska JT, Pearson MN, Randall RE, Revill PA, Rima BK, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Schwemmle M, Smither SJ, Song Q, Stone DM, Takada A, Terregino C, Tesh RB, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Vasilakis N, Volchkov VE., Wahl-Jensen V, Walker PJ, Wang B, Wang D, Wang F, Wang L, Werren JH, Whitfield AE, Yan Z, Ye G. & Kuhn JH. 2017. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017. Archives of Virology, 162:2493–2504. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7
Arafa AS, Mady W, Hussein A, Tamam S & Madbouly H. 2015. Molecular characterization of vaccine-derived mutants of avian metapneumoviruses isolated from turkeys in Egypt. Current Research in Virology, 4(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.3844/ajvsp.2015.1.11
Aung YH, Liman M, Neumann U & Rautenschlein S. 2008. Reproducibility of swollen sinuses in broilers by experimental infection with avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B of turkey origin and their comparative pathogenesis. Avian Pathology, 37(1): 65-74. DOI: 10.1080/03079450701802222
Awad F, Forrester A, Baylis M, Lemiere S, Jones RC & Ganapathy K. 2015. Immune responses and interactions following simultaneous application of live Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian metapneumovirus vaccines in specific-pathogen-free chicks. Research in Veterinary Science, 98: 127-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.11.004
Bakre AA, Oladele OA, Oluwayelu DO & Esan OO. 2020. Serological survey for avian Metapneumovirus in commercial chickens from different climatic zones in Nigeria. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 12(3): 110-115. DOI: 10.5897/jvmah2020.0860
Ball C, Forrester A, Herrmann A, Lemière S & Ganapathy K. 2019. Comparative protective immunity provided by live vaccines of Newcastle disease virus or avian Metapneumovirus when co-administered alongside classical and variant strains of infectious bronchitis virus in day-old broiler chicks. Vaccine 37: 7566 – 7575. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.081
Ball C, Manswr B, Herrmann A, Lemière S & Ganapathy K. 2022. Avian metapneumovirus subtype B vaccination in commercial broiler chicks: heterologous protection and selected host transcription responses to subtype A or B challenge. Avian Pathology, 51(2): 181-196. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2036697
Banet-Noach C, Shimanov L & Perk S. 2005. Characterization of Israeli avian metapneumovirus strains in turkeys and chickens. Avian Pathology, 34:3, 220-226, DOI: 10.1080/03079450500112625
Bayon‐Auboyer MH, Arnauld C, Toquin D & Eterradossi N. 2000. Nucleotide sequences of the F, L and G protein genes of two non‐A/non‐B avian pneumoviruses (APV) reveal a novel APV subgroup. Journal of General Virology, 81: 2723–2733. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-11-2723
Bayraktar, E, Umar S, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Cakan B, Iqbal M & Yilmaz H. 2018. First molecular characterisation of avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) in Turkish broiler flocks. Avian Diseases, 62(4): 425-430. DOI: 10.1637/11915-061818-ResNote.1
Bertran K, Cortey M & Díaz I. 2020. The use of H-index to assess research priorities in poultry diseases. Poultry Science, 99(12): 6503-6512. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.017
Broor S & Bharaj P. 2007. Avian and human metapneumovirus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1102: 66–85. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1408.005
Brown PA, Allée C, Courtillon C, Szerman N, Lemaitre S, Toquin D, Mangart JM, Amelot M & Eterradossi N. 2019. Host specificity of avian metapneumoviruses. Avian Pathology, 48(4): 311-318. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1584390
Brown PA, Lemaitre E, Briand FX, Courtillon C, Guionie O, Allee C, Toquin D, Bayon‐Auboyer MH, Jestin V & Eterradossi N. 2014. Molecular comparisons of full length metapneumovirus (MPV) genomes, including newly determined French AMPV‐C and ‐D isolates, further supports possible subclassification within the MPV Genus. PLoS One, 9: e102740. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102740
Canuti M, Kroyer ANK, Ojkic D, Whitney HG, Robertson GJ & Lang AS. 2019. Discovery and characterization of novel RNA viruses in aquatic North American wild birds. Viruses 11: 768. DOI: 10.3390/v11090768
Catelli E, Cook, JKA, Chesher J, Orbell SJ, Woods, MA, Baxendale W & Huggins MB. 1998. The use of virus isolation, histopathology and immunoperoxidase techniques to study the dissemination of a chicken isolate of avian pneumovirus in chickens, Avian Pathology, 27(6): 632-640. DOI: 10.1080/03079459808419395
Catelli E, De Marco MA, Delogu M, Terregino C & Guberti V. 2001. Serological evidence of avian pneumovirus infection in reared and free-living pheasants. The Veterinary Record, 149(2): 56-58. DOI: 10.1136/vr.149.2.56
Catelli E, Lupini C, Cecchinato M, Ricchizzi E, Brown P & Naylor CJ. 2010. Field avian metapneumovirus evolution avoiding vaccine-induced immunity. Vaccine, 28: 916–921. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.149
Cecchinato M, Catelli E, Lupini C, Ricchizzi E, Clubbe J, Battilani M & Naylor CJ. 2010. Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) attachment protein involvement in probable virus evolution concurrent with mass live vaccine introduction. Veterinary Microbiology, 146: 24-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.04.014
Cecchinato M, Lupini C, Pogoreltseva OSM, Listorti V, Mondin A, Drigo M & Catelli E. 2012. Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous identification, quantitation and differentiation of avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B. Avian Pathology, 42: 283-289, DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.788130
Cecchinato M, Lupini C, Silveira F, Listorti V, Mescolini G, Morandini E, Franzo G & Catelli E. 2018. Molecular characterization of avian Metapneumovirus from Guinea fowls (Numida Meleagridis). Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 38(4): 419-423. DOI: 10.29261/pakvetj/2018.088
Cha RM, Yu Q & Zsak L. 2013. The pathogenicity of avian metapneumovirus subtype C wild bird isolates in domestic turkeys. Virology Journal, 10: 38. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-38
Chacon JL, Mizuma M, Vejarano MP, Toquin D, Eterradossi N, Patnayak DP, Goyal SM & Ferreira AJ. 2011. Avian metapneumovirus subtypes circulating in Brazilian vaccinated and nonvaccinated chicken and turkey farms. Avian Diseases, 55(1): 82-89. DOI: 10.1637/9501-081310-Reg.1
Chary P, Rautenschlein S & Sharma JM. 2002a. Reduced efficacy of hemorrhagic enteritis virus vaccine in turkeys exposed to avian pneumovirus. Avian Diseases, 46: 353–359. DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0353:reohev]2.0.co;2
Chary P, Rautenschlein S, Njenga MK & Sharma JM. 2002b. Pathogenic and Immunosuppressive Effects of Avian Pneumovirus in Turkeys. Avian Diseases, 46(1): 153-161. DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0153:paieoa]2.0.co;2
Collins PL & Karron RA. 2013. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. In Fields Virology: Sixth Edition (Vol. 1). Wolters Kluwer Health Adis (ESP).
Cook JKA & Cavanagh D. 2002. Detection and differentiation of avian pneumoviruses (metapneumoviruses). Avian Pathology, 31(2): 117-132. DOI: 10.1080/03079450120118603
Cook JKA, Huggins MB, Orbell SJ, Mawditt K & Cavanagh D. 2001. Infectious bronchitis virus vaccine interferes with the replication of avian pneumovirus vaccine in domestic fowl. Avian Pathology, 30(3): 233-242. DOI: 10.1080/03079450120054640
Cook, JKA. 2000. Avian Pneumovirus Infections of Turkeys and Chickens. The Veterinary Journal, 160: 118–125. DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.2000.0486
Dolganiuc V, McGinnes L, Luna EJ & Morrison TG. 2003. Role of the cytoplasmic domain of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein in association with lipid rafts. Journal of Virology, 77(24): 12968-79. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.24.12968-12979.2003
Eterradossi N, Toquin D, Picault JP & Jestin V. 2015. Métapneumoviroses aviaires. In : Manuel de Pathologie Aviaire. Brugère-Picoux J, Vaillancourt JP, Shivaprasad HL, Venne D & Bouzouaia M., Pages: 156 – 163.
Franzo G, Drigo M, Lupini C, Catelli E, Laconi A, Listorti V, Bonci M, Naylor CJ, Martini M & Cecchinato M. 2014. A sensitive, reproducible, and economic real‐time reverse transcription PCR detecting avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B. Avian Diseases, 58: 216–222. DOI: 10.1637/10676-092413-reg.1
Franzo G, Legnardi M, Mescolini G, Tucciarone CM, Lupini C, Quaglia G, Catelli E & Cecchinato M. 2020. Avian Metapneumovirus subtype B around Europe: a phylodynamic reconstruction. Veterinary Research, 51(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00817-6
Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Blanco A, Nofrarias M, Biarnes M, Cortey M, Majo N, Catelli E & Cecchinato M. 2016. Effect of different vaccination strategies on IBV 309 QX population dynamics and clinical outbreaks. Vaccine, 34: 5670–5676. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.014
Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Enache M, Bejan V, Ramo G, Koutoulis KC & Cecchinato M. 2017. First Report of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B Field Strain in a Romanian Broiler Flock during an Outbreak of Respiratory Disease. Avian Diseases, 61(2): 250-254. DOI: 10.1637/11557-121216-ResNote.1
Ganapathy K & Jones RC. 2007. Vaccination of chicks with live attenuated subtype B Avian metapneumovirus vaccines: protection against challenge and immune responses can be unrelated to vaccine dose. Avian Diseases, 51: 733–737. DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[733:vocwla]2.0.co;2
Ganapathy K, Cargill P, Montiel E & Jones RC. 2005. Interaction between live avian pneumovirus and Newcastle disease virus vaccines in specific pathogen free chickens. Avian Pathology 34(4): 297-302. DOI: 10.1080/03079450500178824
Ganapathy K, Catelli E, Lemiere S, Montiel E & Jones RC. 2014. Protection conferred by a live avian metapneumovirus vaccine when co-administered with live Lasota newcastle disease vaccine in chicks. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 13(2): 3227. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3227
Ganapathy K, Todd V, Cargill P, Montiel E & Jones RC. 2006. Interaction between a live avian pneumovirus vaccine and two different Newcastle disease virus vaccines in broiler chickens with maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus. Avian Pathology, 35(6): 429-34. DOI: 10.1080/03079450601007518
Georgiades G, Iordanidis P & Koumbati M. 2001. Cases of swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in Greece. Avian Diseases, 45(3): 745-750. DOI: 10.2307/1592922
Gharaibeh S & Shamoun M. 2012. Avian metapneumovirus subtype B experimental infection and tissue distribution in chickens, sparrows, and pigeons. Veterinary pathology, 49(4): 704-709. DOI: 10.1177/0300985811402845
Gharaibeh SM & Algharaibeh GR. 2007. Serological and molecular detection of avian pneumovirus in chickens with respiratory disease in Jordan. Poultry Science, 86(8): 1677-1681. DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.8.1677
Govindarajan D, Yunus AS & Samal SK. 2004. Complete sequence of the G glycoprotein gene of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C and identification of a divergent domain in the predicted protein. Journal of General Virology, 85: 3671–3675. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80400-0
Guionie O, Toquin D, Sellal E, Bouley S, Zwingelstein F, Allee C & Eterradossi N. 2007. Laboratory evaluation of a quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR assay for the detection and identification of the four subgroups of avian Metapneumovirus. Journal of Virological Methods, 139(2): 150-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.09.022
Hartmann S, Sid H & Rautenschlein S. 2015. Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions. Avian Pathology, 44(6): 480-489. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1086974
Hepp C, Shiaelis N, Robb NC, Vaughan A, Matthews PC, Stoesser N, Crook D & Kapanidis AN. 2021. Viral detection and identification in 20 min by rapid single-particle fluorescence in-situ hybridization of viral RNA. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 19579. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98972-z
Hess M, Huggins MB, Mudzamiri R & Heincz U. 2004. Avian metapneumovirus excretion in vaccinated and non-vaccinated specified pathogen-free laying chickens, Avian Pathology, 33(1): 35-40. DOI: 10.1080/0307945031000163273
Hu H, Roth JP, Estevez CN, Zsak L, Liu B & Yu Q. 2017. Engineered Newcastle disease virus expressing the F and G proteins of AMPV-C confers protection against challenges in turkeys. Scientific Reports, 7: 4025. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04267-7
Hu H, Roth JP, Estevez CN, Zsak L, Liu B & Yu Q. 2011. Generation and evaluation of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing the glycoprotein (G) of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C as a bivalent vaccine in turkeys. Vaccine, 29: 8624–8633. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.007
Hutton S, Bettridge J, Christley R, Habte T & Ganapathy K. 2017. Detection of infectious bronchitis virus 793B, avian metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry in Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49: 317–322. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1195-2
Jardine CM, Parmley EJ, Buchanan T, Nituch L & Ojkic D. 2018. Avian metapneumovirus subtype C in Wild Waterfowl in Ontario, Canada. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 65(4): 1098-1102. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12832
Jirjis FF, Noll SL, Halvorson DA, Nagaraja KV & Shaw UDP. 2002. Pathogenesis of avian pneumovirus infection in turkeys. Veterinary Pathology, 39: 300-310. DOI: 10.1354/vp.39-3-300
Kaboudi K & Lachheb J. 2021. Avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys: a review on turkey rhinotracheitis. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 30: 100211. DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100211
Kamal S. 2008. Paramyxoviruses of Animals. In: Encyclopedia of Virology 3rd Edition. Brian WJ. Mahy, Marc HV. Van Regenmortel. pp: 40 – 47. DOI: 10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00460-X
Kwon JS, Lee HJ, Jeong SH, Park JY, Hong YH, Lee YJ, Youn HS, Lee DW, Do SH, Park SY, Choi IS, Lee JB & Song CS. 2010. Isolation and characterization of avian Metapneumovirus from chickens in Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science, 11: 59-66. DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2010.11.1.59
Lamb R, Collins PL, Kolakofsky D, Melero JA, Nagay Y, Oldstone MB, Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberg U & Ball LA. 2005. The negative sense single stranded RNA viruses. Virus taxonomy. Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 607-738. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-249951-7.50014-6
Lee EH, Song MS, Shin JY, Lee YM, Kim CJ, Kim H & Choi YK. 2007. Genetic characterization of avian metapneumovirus subtype C isolated from pheasants in a live bird market. Virus Research, 128: 18–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.029
Leyrat C, Renner M, Harlos K & Grimer JM. 2013. Solution and crystallographic structure of the central region of the phosphoprotein from human metapneumovirus. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80371. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080371
Lim AAS, Abu J, Choo PY, Seetha J & Goh YM. 2009. Detection of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) field infection via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA in two layer farms in Johor. Journal of Veterinary Malaysia, 21: 9–13.
Liman M, Peiser L, Zimmer G, Prosting M, Naim HY & Rautenschlein S. 2007. A genetically engineered prime‐boost vaccination strategy for oculonasal delivery with poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles against infection of turkeys with avian Metapneumovirus. Vaccine, 25: 7914–7926. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.001
Lupini C, Cecchinato M, Ricchizzi E, Naylor CJ & Catelli E. 2011. A turkey rhinotracheitis outbreak caused by the environmental spread of a vaccine-derived avian metapneumovirus. Avian Pathology, 40: 525-530. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.607428
MacLachlan NJ & Dubovi EJ. 2017. Chapter 17 - Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae. In: Fenner’s Veterinary Virology (Fifth Edition). James MacLachlan, Edward J. Dubovi. pp: 327 – 356. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800946-8.00017-9
Marien M, Decostere A, Duchateau L, Chiers K, Froyman R & Nauwynck H. 2007. Efficacy of enrofloxacin, florfenicol and amoxicillin against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Escherichia coli O2:K1 dual infection in turkeys following APV priming. Veterinary Microbiology, 121: 94–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.012
Mase M, Yamaguchi S, Tsukamoto K, Imada T, Imai K & Nakamura K. 2003. Presence of avian pneumovirus subtypes A and B in Japan. Avian Diseases, 47: 481–484. DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0481:POAPSA]2.0.CO;2
Mernizi A, Bouziane S, Fathi H, Criado JL, Bouslikhane M, Ghram A, Catelli E, Mouahid M & Nassik S. 2022. First seroepidemiological and risk factor survey of avian metapneumovirus circulation in Moroccan broiler farms. Veterinarski Glasnik, 00: 1-18. DOI: 10.2298/VETGL220307009M
Mescolini G, Lupini C, Franzo G, Quaglia G, Legnardi M, Cecchinato M, Tucciarone CM, Blanco A, Turblin V, Biarnes M, Tatone F, Falchieri M & Catelli E. 2020. What is new on molecular characteristics of avian metapneumovirus strains circulating in Europe? Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 68(3): 1314–1322. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13788
Nasif S, Shawky MM, Abdelhady HA, Lebdah MA & Salama SS. 2019. Isolation and identification of some possible causative agents of Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS) in broiler chickens in Egypt. Slovenian Veterinary Research, 56: 781-788. DOI: 10.26873/SVR-819-2019
Naylor CJ, Lupini C & Brown PA. 2010. Charged amino acids in the aMPV fusion protein have more influence on induced protection than deletion of the SH or G genes. Vaccine, 28 (41): 6800-6807. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.015
Nguyen VG, Chung HC, Do HQ, Nguyen TT, Cao TBP, Truong HT, Mai TN, Le TT, Nguyen TH, Le TL & Huynh TML. 2021. Serological and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus in Chickens in Northern Vietnam. Veterinary Science, 8: 206. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100206
Owoade AA, Ducatez MF, Hubschen JM, Sausy A, Chen H, Guan Y & Muller CP. 2008. Avian Metapneumovirus subtype A in China and subtypes A and B in Nigeria. Avian Diseases, 52: 502–506. DOI: 10.1637/8266-021208-reg.1
Owoade AA, Ducatez MF & Muller CP. 2006. Seroprevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reovirus, avian pneumovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian leukosis virus in Nigerian poultry. Avian Diseases, 50: 222-227. DOI: 10.1637/7412-071505r.1
Rautenschlein S, Aung YH & Haase C. 2011. Local and systemic immune responses following infection of broiler-type chickens with avian Metapneumovirus subtypes A and B. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 140(1-2): 10-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.11.003
Rautenschlein S, Cheng HH & Lamont SJ. 2019. Host Factors for Disease Resistance. In: Diseases of Poultry 14th Edition, David E. Swayne. pp: 79 – 108. DOI: 10.1002/9781119371199.ch2
Rautenschlein S, Munir M & Bruce SS. 2013. Mononegaviruses of veterinary importance. In: Munir M. (Eds). Avian metapneumoviruses. CAB International. USA. Pages, 185-199.
Retallack H, Clubb S & DeRisi JL. 2019. Genome sequence of a divergent avian metapneumovirus from a monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus). Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8: e00284-19. DOI: 10.1128/MRA .00284-19
Rivera-Benitez JF, Martínez-Bautista R, Ríos-Cambre F & Ramírez-Mendoza H. 2014. Molecular detection and isolation of avian metapneumovirus in Mexico. Avian Pathology, 43(3): 217-223. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.903557
Rizotto LS, Simão RM, Scagion GP, Simasaki AA, Caserta LC, Benassi JC, Arns CW & Ferreira HL. 2019. Detection of avian metapneumovirus subtype A from wild birds in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 39(3): 209-213. DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6021
Rubbenstroth D & Rautenschlein S. 2009. Investigations on the protective role of passively transferred antibodies against avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys. Avian Pathology, 38: 427–436. DOI: 10.1080/03079450903349204
Rüger N, Sid H, Meens J, Szostak MP, Baumgärtner W, Bexter F & Rautenschlein S. 2021. New Insights into the Host–Pathogen Interaction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Avian Metapneumovirus in Tracheal Organ Cultures of Chicken. Microorganisms, 9: 2407. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112407
Schmidt GS. 2008. The effect of broiler market age on performance parameters and economics. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 8: 223 – 225. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-635X2008000400005
Seifi S & Boroomand Z. 2015. The role of avian metapneumovirus in respiratory complex disease circulating in broilers in northern Iran. Trakia Journal of Science, 13(2): 175-179. DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2015.02.011
Shin HJ, Cameron KT, Jacobs JA, Turpin EA, Halvorson DA, Goyal SM, Nagaraja KV, Kumar MC, Lauer DC, Seal BS & Njenga MK. 2002. Molecular epidemiology of subgroup C avian pneumoviruses isolated in the United States and comparison with subgroup A and B viruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40: 1687-1693. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.5.1687-1693.2002
Shin HJ, Rajashekara G, Jirjis FF, Shaw DP, Goyal SM, Halvorson DA & Nagaraja KV. 2000. Specific detection of avian pneumovirus (APV) US isolates by RT-PCR. Archives of Virology, 145(6): 1239-1246. DOI: 10.1007/s007050070123
Sid H, Benachour K & Rautenschlein S. 2015. Co-infection with multiple respiratory pathogens contributes to increased mortality rates in Algerian poultry flocks. Avian Diseases, 59: 440–446. DOI: 10.1637/11063-031615-case.1
Smialek M, Tykalowski B, Pestka D, Welenc J, Stenzel T & Koncicki A. 2016. Three‐step anti‐aMPV IgA expression profile evaluation in turkeys of different immunological status after TRT vaccination. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 19: 509–518. DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0064
Suarez DL, Miller PJ, Koch G, Mundt E & Rautenschlein S. 2019. Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections. In: Diseases of Poultry 14th Edition, David E. Swayne. pp: 109 – 166. DOI: 10.1002/9781119371199.ch3.
Sun S, Chen F, Cao S, Liu J, Lei W, Li G, Song Y, Lu J, Liu C, Qin J & Li H. 2014. Isolation and characterization of a subtype C avian metapneumovirus circulating in Muscovy ducks in China. Veterinary Research, 45(1): 1-13. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0074-y
Tarpey I, Huggins MB, Davis PJ, Shilleto R, Orbell SJ & Cook JKA. 2001. Cloning, expression and immunogenicity of the avian pneumovirus (Colorado isolate) F protein. Avian Pathology, 30: 471–474. DOI: 10.1080/03079450120078653
Tegegne D, Deneke Y, Sori T, Abdurahaman M, Cecchinato M & Franzo G. 2020. Molecular epidemiology and genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus and avian metapneumovirus in backyard and commercial chickens in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Veterinary Sciences, 7(4): 187. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040187
Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Lupini C, Alejo CT, Listorti V, Mescolini G, Brandao PE, Martini M, Catelli E & Cecchinato M. 2018. Avian Metapneumovirus circulation in Italian broiler farms. Poultry Science, 97: 503-509. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex350
Turpin EA, Stallknecht DE, Slemons RD, Zsak L & Swayne DE. 2008. Evidence of avian metapneumovirus subtype C infection of wild birds in Georgia, South Carolina, Arkansas and Ohio, USA. Avian Pathology, 37: 343-351, DOI: 10.1080/03079450802068566
Van De Zande S, Nauwynck H, Naylor CJ & Pensaert M. 2000. Duration of cross-protection between the subtypes A and B avian pneumovirus in turkey. The Veterinary Records, 147: 132-134. DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.5.132
Villarreal LYB, Brandao PE, Chacon JL, Assayag MS, Maiorka PC, Raffi P, Saidenberg ABS, Jones RC & Ferreira AJP. 2007. Orchitis in roosters with reduced fertility associated with avian infectious bronchitis virus and avian metapneumovirus infections. Avian Diseases, 51: 900–904. DOI: 10.1637/7815-121306-regr4.1
Wei L, Zhu S, Yan X, Wang J, Zhang C, Liu S, Ruiping S, Fengjiao H, Rong Q & Liu J. 2013. Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C Infection in Chickens, China. Emerg. Infect. Diseases, 19(7): 1092-1094. DOI: 10.3201/eid1907.121126
Worthington KJ, Sargent BA, Davelaar FG & Jones RC. 2003. Immunity to avian pneumovirus infection in turkeys following in ovo vaccination with an attenuated vaccine. Vaccine. 21: 1355–1362. DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00689-8
Xu W, Suderman M, Koziuk J, Ojkic D & Berhane Y. 2021. Development of a recombinant nucleocapsid based indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies to avian metapneumovirus subtypes, A, B, and C. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 231: 110151. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110151
Youn HN, Noh JY, Kim MS, Ju HS, Park DH, Lee DY, Kim KJ, Go SH & Song CS. 2021. Efficacy of a novel avian metapneumovirus live vaccine candidate based on vaccination route and age. Poultry Science, 100 (3): 100528. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.021
Yu M, Xing L, Chang F, Bao Y, Wang S, He X, Wang J, Wang S, Liu Y, Farooque M, Pan Q, Wang Y, Gao L, Qi X, Hussain A, Li K, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X & Gao Y. 2018. Genomic sequence and pathogenicity of the first avian metapneumovirus subtype B isolated from chicken in China. Veterinary Microbiology, 228: 32–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.009
Yun B, Guan X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wang Y, Qi X, Cui H
, Liu C, Zhang Y, Gao L, Li K, Gao H, Gao Y & Wang X. 2015. Trypsin- and low pH-mediated fusogenicity of avian metapneumovirus fusion proteins is determined by residues at positions 100, 101 and 294. Scientific Reports, 5: 15584. DOI: 10.1038/srep15584
Zhang Y, Sun J, Wei Y & Li J. 2016. A reverse genetics approach for the design of methyltransferase-defective live attenuated avian metapneumovirus vaccines. Vaccine Design, 1404: 103-121. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_7