Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gastrointestinal Tract Traits in Response to Dietary Fiber Sources in Broiler Chickens

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The effects of dietary insoluble fiber sources on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits, nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzyme activity were studied in broilers from 1 to 42 d of age. A total of 480 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308), were allocated in four treatments, six replicates and 20 birds in each, based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were including a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control diet) and other three diets formulated by the inclusion of 30 g/kg of processed wheat straw (WS), sunflower hulls (SFH), or soybean hulls (SBH) in the control diet. From 1 to 10 d of age, broiler chickens fed processed WS tended to have higher feed intake than broilers fed the control diet (P = 0.064) and had higher body weight gain than broilers fed the other treatments (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the GIT organs was not affected by treatments but SFH and SBH decreased the length of the small intestine at 42 d of age (P < 0.05). The pH of different segments of the GIT, carcass traits, dry matter, nitrogen digestibility, and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen were not affected by treatments. The activity of amylase and aminopeptidase in the duodenum and jejunum was not affected by the insoluble fiber sources. In conclusion, the dilution of the control diet with the inclusion of 30 g/kg insoluble fiber did not have any negative effect on broiler chickens' performance and marketing weight. Moreover, improved performance was observed with processed WS, particularly during the starter period.

Keywords

References

Amerah AM, Ravindran V & Lentle RG. 2009. Influence of insoluble fiber and whole wheat inclusion on the performance, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 50: 366-375. DOI: 10.1080/00071660902865901
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1995. Official methods of analysis. 16th edn. (AOAC International Arlington, VA).
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th edn. (AOAC International Gaithersburg, MD).
ASAE. 1995. Method of determining and expressing fineness of feed materials by sieving., ASAE standard S319.2. Pages 461–462 in Agriculture Engineers Yearbook of Standards. ASAE, St. Joseph, MO.
Asseng S, Foster I & Turner N. 2011. The impact of temperature variability on wheat yields. Global Change Biology, 17: 997-1012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02262.x
Aviagen. 2014. Ross-308 broiler Nutrition Specifications. Aviagen Inc., Huntsville, AL. USA.
Bernfeld P. 1955. Amylases, α and β. Methods in Enzymology, 1: 149-151. DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(55)01021-5
Boguslawska-Tryk M, Szymeczko R, Piotrowska A, Burlikowska K & Slizewska K. 2015. Ileal and cecal microbial population and short-chain fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with lignocellulose. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 35: 212- 216.
Chee KM, Chun KS, Huh BD, Choi JH, Chung MK, Lee HS, Shin LS & Whang KY. 2005. Comparative feeding values of soybean hulls and wheat bran for growing and finishing swine. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18: 861-867. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2005.861
FEDNA (Fundación Española Desarrollo Nutrición Animal). 2010. In: De Blas, C., Mateos, G.G., Rebollar, P.G. (Eds.), Normas FEDNA para la Formulación de Piensos Compuestos, 3rd ed. Fund. Esp. Desarro. Nutr. Anim. Madrid, Spain.
Gal-Garber O & Uni Z. 2000. Chicken intestinal aminopeptidase: partial sequence of the gene expression and activity. Poultry Science, 79: 41-45. DOI: 10.1093/ps/79.1.41
Gonzalez-Alvarado JM, Jimenez-Moreno E, Lazaro R & Mateos GG. 2007. Effects of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers. Poultry Science, 86: 1705-1715. DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.8.1705
Gonzalez-Alvarado JM, Jimenez-Moreno E, Gonzalez-Sanchez D, Lazaro R & Mateos GG. 2010. Effect of inclusion of oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 162: 37-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.08.010
Guzman P, Saldana B, Mandalawi HA, Perez-Bonilla A, Lazaro R & Mateos GG. 2015a. Productive performance of brown-egg laying pullets from hatching to 5 weeks of age as affected by fiber inclusion, feed form, and energy concentration of the diet. Poultry Science, 94: 249-261. DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu072
Guzman P, Saldana B, Kimiaeitalab MV, Garcia J & Mateos GG. 2015b. Inclusion of fiber in diets for brown-egg laying pullets: effects on growth performance and digestive tract traits from hatching to 17 weeks of age. Poultry Science, 94: 2722-2733.  DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev288
Hetland H, Svihus B & Krogdahl A. 2003. Effects of oat hulls and wood shavings on digestion in broilers and layers fed diets based on whole or ground wheat. British Poultry Science, 44: 275-282. DOI: 10.1080/0007166031000124595
Hetland H, Choct M & Svihus B. 2004. Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry nutrition. World Poultry Science Journal, 60: 415-422.  DOI: 10.1079/WPS200325
Houshmand M, Azhar K, Zulkifli I, Bejo MH & Kamyab A. 2011. Effects of nonantibiotic feed additives on performance, nutrient retention, gut pH, and intestinal morphology of broilers fed different levels of energy. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 20: 121-128. DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00171
Jimenez-Moreno E, Gonzalez-Alvarado JM, Lazaro R & Mateos GG. 2010. Effects of type and particle size of dietary fiber on growth performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Poultry Science, 89: 2197-2212. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00771
Jimenez-Moreno E, Frikha M, de Coca-Sinova A, Garcia J & Mateos GG. 2013a. Oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in diets for broilers. Effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Animal Feed Scienc and Technology, 182: 33-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.03.011
Jimenez-Moreno E, Frikha M, de Coca-Sinova A, Lazaro R & Mateos GG. 2013b. Oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in diets for broilers. 2. Effects on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and on the structure of the jejunal mucosa. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 182: 44-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.03.012
Jimenez-Moreno E, Gonzalez-Alvarado JM, de Coca-Sinova A, Lazaro RP & Mateos GG. 2019. Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility. Poultry Science, 98: 2531-2547. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey599
Kheravii SK, Swick RA, Choct M & Wu SB. 2017. Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose-rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 96: 3272-3281. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex123
Kimiaeitalab MV, Camara L, Mirzaie Goudarzi S, Jimenez-Moreno E & Mateos GG. 2017. Effect of the inclusion of sunflower hulls in the diet on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a broiler diet from zero to 21 d of age. A comparative study. Poultry Science, 96: 581-592. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew263
Kimiaeitalab MV, Mirzaie Goudarzi S, Jimenez-Moreno E, Camara L & Mateos GG. 2018. A comparative study on the effects of dietary sunflower hulls on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a pullet diet from 0 to 21 days of age. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 236: 57-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.023
Males JR. 1987. Optimizing the utilization of cereal crop residues for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 65: 1124-1130. DOI: 10.2527/jas1987.6541124x
Masoudi A & Bojarpour M. 2020. The effect of different levels of soybean hull on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters in broiler chickens. Research on Animal Production, 11: 1-9.
 Mateos GG, Lázaro R & Gracia MI. 2002. The feasibility of using nutritional modifications to replace drugs in poultry feeds. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 11: 437-452. DOI: 10.1093/japr/11.4.437
Mateos GG, Jimenez-Moreno E, Serrano MP & Lazaro P. 2012. Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics. Journal of Applied Poulry Research, 21: 156-174. DOI: 10.3382/japr.2011-00477
Mateos GG & Jimenez-Moreno E. 2014. Use of dietary fiber in broilers. Web. http://en.engormix.com/poultry-industry/articles/ use-dietary-fiber-broilers-t36096 .htm.
Moradi S, Moradi A, Atabaigi Elmi V & Abdollahi R. 2020. The effect of corn particle sizes and different insoluble fiber sources on growth performance and carcass and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science. 51: 151-161.
Pang Y & Applegate TJ. 2007. Effects of dietary copper supplementation and copper source on digesta pH, calcium, zinc and copper complex size in the gastrointestinal tract of the broiler chicken. Poultry Science, 86: 531-537. DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.3.531
Raninen K, Lappi J, Mykkänen H & Poutanen K. 2011. Dietary fiber type reflects physiological functionality: Comparison of grain fiber, inulin, and polydextrose. Nutrition Reviews, 69: 9-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00358.x
Rezaei M, Karimi Torshizi A & Rouzbehan Y. 2011. The influence of different levels of micronized insoluble fiber on broiler performance and litter moisture. Poultry Science, 90: 2008-2012. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01352
Sacranie A, Svihus B, Denstadli V, Moen B, Iji PA & Choct M. 2012. The effect of insoluble fiber and intermittent feeding on gizzard development, gut motility, and performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 91: 693-700. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01790
Sadeghi A, Toghyani M & Gheisari A. 2015. Effect of various fiber types and choice feeding of fiber on performance, gut development, humoral immunity, and fiber preference in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 94: 2734-2743. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev292
Saha DC & Gilbreath RL. 1991. Analytical recovery of chromium from diet and feces determined by colorimetry and atomicabsorption spectrophotometry. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 55: 433-446. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740550311
Salarinia A, Afzali N, Hosseini-Vashan SJ & Bashtani M. 2018. Effect of level and particle size of insoluble non-starch polyscharids of rice hull and oat hull on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Animal Production, 20: 625-639.
Santos FBO, Santos JrAA, Ferket PR & Sheldon BW. 2006. Influence of grain particle size and insoluble fiber content on salmonella colonization and shedding of turkeys fed corn-soybean meal diets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5: 731-739. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2006.731.739
SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2013. SAS/STAT® 9.1. User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, North Carolina.
Severe J & ZoBell DR. 2012. Review: Technical aspects forthe utilization of small grain straws as feed energy sources forruminants: Emphasis on beef cattle. All Current Public, 4: 95–104.
Shirazi-Beechey SP, Smith MW, Wang Y & James PS. 1991. Postnatal development of lamb intestinal digestive enzymes is not regulated by diet. The Journal of Physiology, 437: 691-698. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018619
Shirzadegan K & Taheri HR. 2017. Insoluble fibers affected the performance, carcass characteristics and serum lipid of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet.      Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 7: 109-117.
Sozcu A. 2019. Growth performance, pH value of gizzard, hepatic enzyme activity, immunologic indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and cecal microflora of broilers fed diets supplemented with processed lignocellulose. Poultry Science, 98: 6880-6887. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez449
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB & Lewis A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91) 78551-2
Yokhana JS, Parkinson G & Frankel TL. 2016. Effect of insoluble fiber supplementation applied at different ages on digestive organ weight and digestive enzymes of layer-strain poultry. Poultry Science, 95: 550-559. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev336
Poultry Science Journal
Volume 10, Issue 2
September 2022
Pages 185-196

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics