Investigating of Antioxidant Protective Effects of Shrimp Shells Extracted Chitosan in Broiler Chickens

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Chitin is the most abundant natural biopolymer that can be converted to chitosan, which has various biomedical applications. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells on body weight of broiler chickens. The study comprised three experiments. In experiment 1, shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) shells were demineralized using HCL (1N), deproteinized using NaOH (1N), decolorized using acetone, and deacetylated using 50% NaOH. The antioxidant potencies of chitosan and vitamin C were compared by their abilities to scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of chitosan at varying concentrations (1-20 mg/ml) ranged between 34.59 and 87.11%, whereas that of 1 mg/ml of vitamin C was 91.1%. In experiment 2, six dietary treatments containing varying concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.125, 0. 25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) were allocated randomly to 60 male broiler chicks from 10 to 42 days of age. Chitosan at varying concentrations had no significant effect on the body weight, but it significantly decreased the MDA level in breast meat (p <0.05). In experiment 3, a total of 20 male broiler chickens were divided into two groups (n=10) and were fed a corn-soybean basal diet with or without chitosan for 42 days. On days 35 and 38, five chickens from each group were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) at 1 mL/kg body weight to induce oxidative stress. Administration of CCL4 significantly decreased body weight and increased AST and ALT activities, which are indicators of liver damage, on day 42, whereas chitosan improved and normalized body weight and enzyme activity (p <0.05). The results suggested that chitosan extracted from shrimp shells exhibits antioxidant effects by increasing the shelf life of the meat and normalizing the body weight of the broilers as well as serum AST and ALT enzyme activities.

Keywords

References

Amin A & Ghoneim D. 2009. Zizyphus spinachristi protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Food and Chemistry Toxicology. 47, 2111-2119. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.038
Aviagen., 2014. Ross308 Broiler: Nutrition Specifications. http://en.aviagen.com/assets/Tech Center/Ross_Broiler/Ross308BroilerNutritionSpes2014-EN.pdf.
Bak J, Nam KJ, Hae YC, Takako Y, Sik Y & Jeon-ok M. 2016. Oligonol Ameliorates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats via the NF-Kappa B and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.Article ID 3935841, 12 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3935841
Benhabiles MS, Salah R, Lounici H, Drouiche N, Goosen MFA & Mameri N. 2012. Antibacterial activity of chitin, chitosan and its oligomers prepared from shrimp shell waste. Food Hydrocolloids. 25: 48-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.02.013
Boll M, Lutz W, Weber D, Eberhard B & Stampfl A. 2001. Hepatocyte damage induced by carbon tetrachloride: Inhibited lipoprotein secretion and changed lipoprotein composition. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 56: 283-290. DOI: 10.1515/znc-2001-3-419
Buege JA & Aust SD. 1978. Microsomal lipid Peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology. 52: 302-310. DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6
Chen AS, Taguchi T, Sakai K, Matahira Y, Wang MW & Miwa I. 2005. Effect of chitobiose and chitotriose on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28, 1971-1973. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1971
Cui CP, Wei P, Liu Y, Zhang DJ, Wang LS & Wu CT. 2009. The protective role of hepatopoietin Cu on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Hepatology Research. 39: 200-206. DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2008.00447.x
Delles RM, Xiong YL & Dawson A. 2014. Dietary antioxidant supplementation enhances lipid and protein oxidative stability of chicken broiler meat through promotion of antioxidant enzyme activity. Poultry Science. 93: DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03682
Domitrovic R, Jakovak H, Tomac J & Sain I. 2009. Liver fibrosis in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride and its reversion by luteolin. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 241: 311-321. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.001
Estevez M. 2015. Oxidative damage to poultry from farm to fork. Poultry Science. 94: 1368-1378. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev094
Ferreira IB, Junior JBM, Sgavioli S, Vicentini TI, Morita VS & Boleli IC. 2015. Vitamin C prevents the effects of high rearing temperatures on the quality of broiler thigh meat. Poultry Science. 94: 841-851. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev058
Gallaher CM, Munion J, Hesslink JR, Wise J & Gallaher DD. 2000. Cholesterol reduction by glucomannan and chitosan is mediated by changes in cholesterol absorption and bile acid and fat excretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition. 130: 2753-2759. DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.11.2753
Goni I, Brenes A, Centeno C, Viveros A, Saura-calixto F, Rebole A, Arija I & Estevez R. 2007. Effect of dietary grape pomace and vitamin E on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and susceptibility to meat lipid oxidation in chickens. Poultry Science. 86: 508-516. DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.3.508
Hafsa J, Smach MA, Charfeddi B, Limem K, Majdoub H & Rouatbi S. 2016. Antioxidant and antimicrobial proprieties of chitin and chitosan extracted from Parapenaeus Longirostris shrimp shell waste. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises. 74: 27-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.07.005
Huang RL, YinYL, Wu GY, Zhang YG, LI TJ,  LI LL, LI MX, Tang ZR, Zhang,J, Wang B, He JH & Nie XZ. 2005. Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers. Poultry Science. 84: 1383-1388. DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.9.1383
Ismail RSA, El-Megeid AAA & Abdel-Moemin AR. 2009. Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease in rats, the potential effect of supplement oil with vitamins E and C on the nutritional status. Archive of German Medical Science. 2: 295-302. DOI: 10.3205/000064
Kandra P, Challa MM & Jyothi HK. 2012. Efficient use of shrimp waste: present and future trends. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 93: 17-29. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3651-2
Khambualai O, Yamauchi KE, Tangtaweewipat S & Cheva-Isarakul B. 2008. Effects of dietary chitosan diets on growth performance in broiler chickens.  Journal of Poultry Science. 45: 206–209. DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.45.206
Kim HY, Kim JK, Choi JH, Jung JY, OH WY, Kim DC, Kang SS, Lee SH & Lee SM. 2010. Hepatoprotective effect of pinoresinol on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in mice. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 112: 105-112. DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09234FP
Kobayashi S, Terashima Y & Itoh H. 2002. Effects of dietary chitosan on fat deposition and lipase activity in digesta in broiler chickens.British Poultry Science. 43: 270-273. DOI: 10.1080/00071660120121490
Kobayashi S, Terashima Y & Itoh H. 2006. The effects of dietary chitosan on liver lipid concentration in broiler chickens treated with propylthiouracil. Journal of Poultry Science. 43: 162-166. DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.43.162
Kong M, Chen XG, Xing K & Park HJ.  2010. Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: A state of the art review. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 144: 51-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.012
Kumari S, Rath P, Sri-Hari-kumar A & Tiwari TN. 2015. Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from fishery waste by chemical method. Environmental Technology and Innovation. 3: 77-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2015.01.002
Li QP, Gooneratne SR, Wang RL, Zhang R, AN LL, Chen JJ & Pan W. 2016. Effect of different molecular weight of chitosans on performance and lipid metabolism in chicken. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 211: 174-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.013
Li XJ, Piao XS, Kim SW, Liu P, Wang L, Shen YB, Jung SC & Lee HS. 2007. Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and serum composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 86: 1107-1114. DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.6.1107
Lin H, Decuypere E & Buyse J. 2004. Oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) 1. Chronic exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 139: DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.013
Lu T, Harper AF, Zhao J, Corl BA, Leroith T & Dalloul RA. 2014. Effects of a dietary antioxidant blend and vitamin E on fatty acid profile, liver function, and inflammatory response in broiler chickens fed a diet high in oxidants. Poultry Science. 93: 1658-1666. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03827
Luna A, Labaque MC, Zygadlo AJ & Marin RH. 2010. Effects of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat. Poultry Science. 89: 366-370. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00130
Mahmoodzadeh Y, Mazani M & Rezagholizadeh L. 2017. Hepatoprotective effect of methanolic Tanacetum parthenium extract on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Toxicology Reports. 4: 455-462. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.08.003
Marwa RS, Abdollah MA, Mohmaed HMH & Emara MT. 2017. Improving the sensory, physicochemical and microbiological quality of pastirma (A traditional dry cured meat product) using chitosan coating. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 86: 247-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.006
Qin C, Li H, Xiao Q, Liu Y, Zhu J & Du Y. 2006. Water-solubility of chitosan and its antimicrobial activity. Carbohydrate Polymers. 63: 367-374. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.09.023
Rahman RM, Radim H, Abdel-Mohsen AM, Fouda MG, Solimand AY, Mohamed FK, Kazi M & Tiago DP. 2015. Chitin and chitosan from Brazilian Atlantic Coast: Isolation, characterization and antibacterial activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 80: 107-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.027
Ramasamy P, Subhapradha N, Shanmugam V & Shanmugam A. 2014. Protective effect of chitosan from Sepia kobiensis (Hoyle 1885) cuttlebone against CCL4 induced hepatic injury. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 65: 559-563. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.009
Razdan A & Pettersson D. 1994. Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition. 72: 277-288. DOI: 10.1079/BJN19940029
Recknagel RO, Glende JREA, Dolak JA & Waller RL. 1989 Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 43: 39-54. DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(89)90050-8.
Rinaudo M. 2006. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science. 31: 603-632. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001
Rinaudo M, Milas M & Le-dung P. 1993. Characterization of chitosan. Influence of ionic strength and degree of acetylation on chain expansion. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 15: 281-285. DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(93)90027-J
Roller S & Covill N, 1999. The antifungal properties of chitosan in laboratory media and apple juice. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 47: 67-77. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00006-9
SAS      (Statistical       Analysis       System).    2003. SAS/STAT®. User’s Guide. SAS  Institute Inc.  Cary, North Carolina.
Sharma A, Sharma MK & Kumar RM. 2006. Protective effect of Mentha piperita against arsenic-induced toxicity in liver of swiss albino mice. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. 100: 249-257. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.00030.x
Sonkusale P, Bhandarker AG, Kurkare NV, Ravikanth K & Sood D. 2011. Hepatoprotective activity of superliv liquid and repchol in CCL4 induced FLKS syndrome in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10: 49-55. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2011.49.55
Subhapradha N,  Shanmugam V & Shanmugam A. 2017. Chitosan nanoparticles from marine squid protect liver cells against N-diethylnitrosoamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Carbohydrate Polymers. 171: 18-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.097
Subhapradha N, Saravanan R, Ramasamy P, Srinivasan A, Shanmugam V & Shanmugam A. 2014. Hepatoprotective effect of β-Chitosan from Gladius of Sepioteuthis lessoniana against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Applied Biochemistry Biotechnology. 172: 9-20. DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0499-1
Tamura H, Kitta K & Shibamoto T. 1991. Formation of reactive aldehydes from fatty acids in a Fe+2/H2O2 oxidation system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 39: 439-442. DOI: 10.1021/jf00003a002
Tavarez MA, Boler DD, Bess KN, Zhao J, Yan F, Dilger AC, Mckeith FK & Killefer J. 2011, Effect of antioxidant inclusion and oil quality on broiler performance, meat quality, and lipid oxidation. Poultry Science. 90: 922-930. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01180
Wang C, Zhang T. Cui X, Li S, Zhao X & Zhong X. 2013. Hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese herbal formula, longyin decoction, on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in chickens. Evidence – Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 10: 392-401. DOI: 10.1155/2013/392743
Xie W, Xu P & Liu Q. 2001. Antioxidant activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives. Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry Letters. 11: 1699-1701. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-894X(01)00285-2
Xing R, Yu H, Liu S, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Li Z & Li P. 2005. Antioxidative activity of differently regioselective chitosan sulfates in vitro. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. 13: 1387-1392. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.002
Yen MT, Tseng YH, Li RC & Mau JL. 2007. Antioxidant properties of fungal chitosan from shiitake stipes. Food Science and Technology. 40: 255-261. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.08.006
Yen MT, Yang JH & Mau JL. 2008. Antioxidant properties of chitosan from crab shells. Carbohydrate Polymers. 74: 840-844. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.05.003
Younes I, Hajji S, Farchet V, Rinaudo M, Jellouli K & Nasri M. 2014. Chitin extraction from shrimp shell using enzymatic treatment. Antitumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 69: 489-498. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.013
Zhou TX, Chen YJ, Yoo JS, Huang Y, Lee JH, Jang HD, Shin SO, Kim HJ, Cho JH & Kim IH. 2009. Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 88: 593-600. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00285
Poultry Science Journal
Volume 8, Issue 1
May 2020
Pages 77-81

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics