Age-Specific Response of Broilers to Dietary Inclusion of a High-Tannin Feedstuff

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether the age of broilers can influence their response to tannin-rich diets. A total of 340 one-day-old mixed sex Ross 308 broiler chicks were distributed among five experimental groups with four replicates and 17 birds each in a completely randomized design. A high-tannin feedstuff, Oak acorn, was included into diets (at a level of 25%) and fed to birds at different stages of the rearing period. The control group was fed a corn-based diet (without Oak acorn) for the entirety of the study, while the other four groups were fed diets containing Oak acorn during one of the following periods: starter (d 1 to 21), finisher (d 22 to 42), last five weeks (d 8 to 42), or total period of the experiment (d 1 to 42). We found that performance traits (feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio) and tibia characteristics were similar among the control group and groups fed Oak acorn during the starter and finisher periods. However, feeding chicks with Oak acorn from 8 to 42 or 1 to 42 d of age significantly reduced overall body weight gain and increased overall feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Tibia characteristics were also negatively affected in chicks that received Oak acorn during the last 5 weeks and entire period of the experiment (P < 0.05). In addition, birds fed Oak acorn had higher liver weights at 21 d of age (P < 0.05). In conclusion, broilers response to dietary tannins is influenced by age. Oak acorn could be successfully included in broiler diets during the starter or finisher stages up to 25% without adverse effects on performance and tibia characteristics. In contrast, chronic inclusion of Oak acorn (5 or 6 weeks) decreases growth performance and may have deleterious effect on tibia characteristics.

Keywords

References

Ahmed AE, Smithard R & Ellis M. 1991. Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets. British Journal of Nutrition, 65: 189-197. DOI: 10.1079/BJN19910080
Al-Mamary M, Al-Habori M, Al-Aghbari A & Al-Obeidi A. 2001. In Vivo effects of dietary sorghum tannins on rabbit digestive enzymes and mineral absorption. Nutrition Research, 21: 1393–1401. DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00334-7
AOAC, 1995. Official methods of analysis (16th ed). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, USA.
Bouderoua K, Mourot J & Selselet-Attou G. 2009. The effect of green oak acorn (Quercus ilex) based diet on growth performance and meat fatty acid composition of broilers.Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 6: 843–848. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.80571
Douglas JH, Sullivan TW, GonzaIez NJ & Beck MM. 1993. Differential age response of turkeys to protein and sorghum tannin level. Poultry Science, 72: 1944-1951. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0721944
Hassan IAG, Elzubeir EA & El Tinay AH. 2003. Growth and apparent absorption of  minerals
 in broiler chicks fed diets with low and high tannin contents. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 35: 189-196. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022833820757
Houshmand M, Hojati F & Parsaie S. 2015. Dietary nutrient manipulation to improve the performance and tibia characteristics of broilers fed oak acorn (Quercus brantii Lindl). Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 17: 17-24. DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x170117-24
Jansman AJM. 1993. Tannins in feedstuffs for simple-stomached animals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 6: 209–236. DOI: 10.1079/NRR19930013
Krogdahl A & Sell JL. 1989. Influence of age on lipase, amylase, and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys. Poultry Science, 68: 1561-1568. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0681561
Longstaff M & McNab JM. 1991. The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition, 65: 199-216. DOI: 10.1079/BJN19910081
Mahmood S, Ali H, Ahmad F & Iqbal Z. 2014. Estimation of tannins in different sorghum varieties and their effects on nutrient digestibility and absorption of some minerals in caged White Leghorn Layers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16: 217–221.
Mahmood S, Ajmal Khan M, Sarwer M & Nisa M. 2006. Chemical treatments to reduce antinutritional factors in salseed (Shorea robusta) meal: Effect on nutrient digestibility in colostomized hens and intact broilers. Poultry Science, 85: 2207-2215. DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.12.2207
Mahmood S, Ajmal Khan M, Sarwer M & Nisa M. 2008. Use of chemical treatments to reduce antinutritional effects of tannins in salseed meal: Effect on performance and digestive enzymes of broilers. Livestock Science, 116: 162–170. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.09.019
Makkar HPS. 2003. Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage: A laboratory manual. FAO/IAEA.
Medugu CI, Saleh B, Igwebuike JU & Ndirmbita RL. 2012. Strategies to improve the utilization of tannin-rich feed materials by poultry. International Journal of Poultry Science, 11: 417-423.
Monteagudo MD, Hernández ER, Seco C, Gonzales-Riola J, Revilla M, Villa LF & Rico H. 1997. Comparison of the bone robusticity index and bone weight/bone length index with the results of bone densitometry and bone histomorphometry in experimental studies. Acta Anatomica, 160: 195–199. DOI: 10.1159/000148011
NRC (National Research Council). 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. 176 Pages.
Nyachoti CM, Atkinson JL & Leeson S. 1996. Response of broiler chicks fed a high-tannin sorghum diet. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 5: 239-245. DOI: 10.1093/japr/5.3.239
Onyango EM, Hester PY, Stroshine R, & Adeola O. 2003. Bone densitometry as an indicator of percentage tibia ash in broiler chicks fed varying dietary calcium and phosphorus levels. Poultry Science, 82: 1787-1791. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.11.1787
Ortiz LT,  Alzueta C, Trevino J & Castano M. 1994. Effects of faba bean tannins on the growth and histological structure of the intestinal tract and liver of chicks and rats. British Poultry Science, 35: 743-754. DOI: 10.1080/00071669408417739
Park SY, Birkhold SG, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ & Ricke SC. 2003. Effect of storage condition on bone breaking strength and bone ash in laying hens at different stages in production cycles. Poultry Science, 82: 1688–1691. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.11.1688
Rao SK, West MS, Frost TJ, Orban JI, Bryant MM & Roland DA. 1993. Sample size required for various methods of assessing bone status in commercial leghorn hens. Poultry Science, 72: 229–235. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0720229
Rath NC, Huff GR, Huff WE & Balog JM. 2000. Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry. Poultry Science, 79: 1024–1032. DOI: 10.1093/ps/79.7.1024
Reisenfeld A. 1972. Metatarsal robusticity in bipedal rats. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 36: 229–233. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330360211
Saffarzadeh A, Vincze L & Csap J. 1999. Determiniation of the chemical composition of acorn (Quercus branti), Pistacia atlantica and Pistacia Khinjuk seeds as non-conventional feedstuffs. Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis, 3: 59-69.
SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2005. SAS/STAT® 9.1. User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, North Carolina.
Seedor JG, Quarruccio HA & Thompson DD. 1991. The bisphosphonate alendronate (MK-217) inhibits bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 6: 339–346. DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650060405
Shimada T. 2001. Nutrient compositions of acorns and horse chestnuts in relation to seed-hoarding. Ecological  Research, 16: 803-808. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00435.x
Sinaei Kh & Houshmand M. 2016. Effects of dietary inclusion of raw or treated Iranian oak acorn (Quercus brantii Lindl) on the performance and cecal bacteria of broilers. Poultry Science Journal, 4: 73-79. DOI: 10.22069/psj.2016.2974
Zubair AK & Leeson S. 1996. Compensatory growth in broiler chickens: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal,52: 189-201. DOI: 10.1079/WPS19960015
Poultry Science Journal
Volume 5, Issue 2
October 2017
Pages 83-90

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics