Effect of Intensity and Duration of Quantitative Feed Restriction and Dietary Coenzyme Q10 on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Constitutes, Thyroid Hormones, Microbiota, Immunity, and Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed restriction and dietary supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, hormonal, immune responses, and intestinal microbiota. The completely randomized design experiment used a 2×2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments to provide two dietary restriction levels (10 and 20% less than the standard guide for Ross strain 308 broilers), two restriction durations (7 and 14 days), and three levels of CoQ10 (0, 20, and 40 mg/kg). In addition to the above-mentioned treatments, 3 other treatments were provided without feed restriction for each of the 3 levels CoQ10. Each of the fifteen treatments was replicated 4 times with each replicate containing 10 male birds. No differences were observed in weight gain among treatments. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly when chicks had the highest duration (14 days) and intensity (20%) of feed restriction and fed all 3 levels of coQ10 as well as when had the mild duration (7 days) and intensity (10%) of feed restriction without coQ10 supplementation (P < 0.05). Heart weight and right ventricular to total ventricular ratio were not affected by feed restriction, but both total heart and right ventricular ratio decreased when CoQ10 was fed (P < 0.05). Blood and hormonal parameters were relatively unaffected by treatments although cortisol decreased with CoQ10 supplementation and CoQ10 at 40 mg/kg increased immune globulins M and G (P < 0.05). Under the conditions of this experiment, we conclude that supplementing CoQ10 can partially overcome the negative effects of feed restriction. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, CoQ10 appears to improve immune response and reduce subclinical ascites syndrome.

Keywords

References

Acar N, Sizemore F, Leach G, Wideman R, Owen R & Barbato G. 1995. Growth of broiler chickens in response to feed restriction regimens to reduce ascites. Poultry Science, 74: 833-843. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0740833
Alimohammadi Saraei MH, Seidavi AR, Dadashbeiki M, Laudadio V & Tufarelli V. 2014. Effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of green tea powder and fish oil or their combination on carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46: 1767-1773. DOI: 10.4067/S0301-732X2016000100008
Azuma J, Harada H, Sawamura A, Ohta H, Awata N, Yamauchi K, Kishimoto S & Sperelakis N. 1985. Beneficial effect of coenzyme Q on myocardials low action potentials in hearts subjected to decreased perfusion pressure-hypoxia- substrate-free perfusion. Basic Research of Cardiology, 80: 147-155.  DOI: 10.1007/BF01910462
Balog MJ, Anthony NB, Cooper MA, Kidd BD, Huff GR, Huff WE & Rath NC. 2000. Ascites syndrome and related pathologies in feed restricted broilers raised in a hypobaric chamber. Poultry Science, 79: 318-323. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.9.1383
Bautista-Ortega J, Ruiz-Feria CA, Ellis A. 2010. Cytochemical and immunocytochemical localization of oxidative and nitrosative stress in pulmonary hypertension in lungs of broiler chickens, Gallus domesticus. Microscopy Microanalysis, 16: 964-96. DOI: 10.1017/S1431927610056497
Butzen F,Ribeiro A, Vieira M, Kessler A, Dadalt J & Della M. 2013. Early feed restriction in broilers. I-Performance, body fraction weights, and meat quality. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 22: 251-259. DOI: 10.3382/japr.2012-00639
Buys N, Dewil E, Gonzales E & Decuypere E. 1998. Different CO2 levels‌ during incubation interact with hatching time and ascites susceptibility in two bro iler lines selected for different growth rate. Avian Pathology, 27: 605-612.
Camacho M, Suarez M, Herrera J, Cuca J & Garcia-Bojalil C. 2004. Effect‌ of age of feed restriction and microelement supplementation to control ascites on production and carcass characteristics of broilers. Poultry Science, 83: 526-532. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.4.526
Cardoso AR, Cabral-Costa JV, Kowaltowski AJ. 2010. Effects of a high fat diet on liver mitochondria: increased ATP-sensitive K channel activity and reactiveoxygen species generation. Journal of Bioenergetics Biomembranes, 42: 245-253. DOI: 10.1007/s10863-010-9284-9
Daneshyar M, Kermanshahi H & Golian A. 2009. Changes of biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in broiler chickens with cold- induced ascites. Poultry Science, 88: 106-110. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00170
Dastar B, Shams Shargh M, Zerehdaran S & Mohebedini H. 2013. Evaluate function and incidence of ascites in broiler chickens in response to feed restriction and nutritional programs. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 5: 268-274.
Demirci N. 2014. Effects of daily added coQ10 on certain hematological and biochemical parameters in elite endurance skiing athletes. Journal of Biology, 2: 18-24.
Dibner JJ, Kitehell ML, Atwell CA & Ivey FYL. 1996. The effect of dietary ingredient and age on the microscopic structure of gastrointestinal tract in poultry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 5: 70-77. DOI: 10.1093/japr/5.1.70
Ernster, L. And G. Dallner. 1995. Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochimistry and Biophysics Acta, 1271: 195-204. DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00028-3
Fanooci, M & Torki, M. 2010. Effects of qualitative dietary restriction on performance, carcass characteristics, white blood cell count and humoral immune response of broiler chicks. Global Veterinaria, 4: 277-282.
Fontana E, Weaver W, Watkins B & Denbow D. 1992. Effect of early feed restriction on growth, feed conversion, and mortality in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 71: 1296-1305. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0711296
Geng A, Li B & Guo Y. 2007. Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coq10 at different supplemental ages on growth performance and some immune response in ascites-susceptible broilers. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 61: 50-60. DOI: 10.1080/17450390601117041
Geng AL, Guo YM & Yang Y. 2004. Reduction of ascites mortality in broilers by CoeQ10. Poultry Science, 83: 1587-1602. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.9.1587
Gian PL & Luca T. 2007. Bioenergetic and Antioxidant Properties of coq10. Recent Developments. Molecular Biotechnology, 37: 31-37. DOI: 10.1007/s12033-007-0052-y
Gonzales E, Buyse J, Loddi MM, Takita TS, Buys N & Decuypere E. 1998. Performance, incidence of metabolic disturbances and endocrine variables of food restricted male broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 39: 671-678. DOI: 10.1080/00071669888557
Gopi M, Purushothaman MR & Chandrasekaran D. 2014. Effect of dietary Coq10 supplementation on serum and bone minerals and leg weakness mortality in broilers. Veterinary World, 7: 347-350. DOI: 10.1080/713654926
Hangalaputa BN, Nieuwland M­GB, De Vires Reilingh G, Heetkamp MJW, Van den Brand H, Kemp B & Parmentier HK. 2003. Effect of cold stress on immune responses and body weight of chicken's lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Poultry Science, 82: 1692-1700. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.11.1692
Huang B, Guo Y, Hu X & Song Y. 2011. Effects of coq10 on growth performance and heart mitochondrial function of broilers under high altitude induced hypoxia. Journal of Poultry Science, 48: 40-46. DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.010084
Huchzermeyer FW & Ruyck AMW. 1986. Pulmonary hypertension syndrome associated with ascites in broilers. Veterinary Records, 119: 94. DOI: 10.1136/vr.119.4.94
Jahanpour H, Seidavi AR. & Qotbi AA A. 2014a. Effects of intensity and duration of quantitative restriction of feed on broiler performance. Journal of Hellenic Veterinary Medicine Society, 65: 83-98. DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.15519
Jahanpour H, Seidavi AR, Qotbi, A AA & Payan-Carreira R. 2013. Effects of two levels of quantitative feed restriction for a 7- or 14- days period on broilers blood parameters. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 41: 1-11. DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-99-2015
Jahanpour H, Seidavi AR, Qotbi AAA, Delgado F & Gamboa S. 2014b. Effect of intensity and duration of quantitative feed restriction on broiler caecum microbiota. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 84: 554-558.
Jahanpour H, Seidavi A, Qotbi A AA, Van Den Hoven R, Rocha e Silva S, Laudadio V & Tufarelli V. 2015. Effects of the level and duration of feeding restriction on carcass components of broilers. Archives Animal Breeding, 58: 99-105. DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-99-2015
Julian JR. 1993. Ascites in poultry. Avian Pathology, 22: 419-454. DOI: 10.1080/03079459308418934
Kato T, Yoneda S, Kako T, Koketsu M, Hayano I & Fujinami T. 1990. Reduction in blood viscosity by treatment with coq10 in patients with ischemic heart disease. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacolther toxicology, 28: 123-126.
Knight CD & Dibner JJ. 1998. Nutritional programming in hatchling poultry: Why a good start is important. Poultry Dig. (Aug/ Sept): 20-26.
Liew PK, Zulkifli I, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR & Israf DA. 2003. Effects ofearly age feed restriction and heat conditioning onheat shock protein 70 expression, resistance to infectious bursal disease, and growth in male broiler chickens subjectedto heat stress. Poultry Science, 82: 1879-1885. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.12.1879
Luger D, Shinder DR, zepakovsky V, Rusal M & Yahav S. 2001. Association between weightgain, blood parameters, and thyroid hormones and the development of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 80: 965-971. DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.7.965
Marks HL. 1991. Feed efficiency changes accompanying selection for body weight in chickens and quails. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 47: 197-212. DOI: 10.1079/WPS19910017
Mohsane S. 2011. The effect of feeding program and diet containing different vitamin-mineral additives on performance, immune response and ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Master of science thesis, Karaj Azad University.
Navas P, Villalba JM & Cabo RD. 2007. The importance of plasma membrane coenzyme Q in aging and stress responses. Mitochondrion, 7S: 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.02.010
Nosrati M, Javandel F, Camacho LM, Khusro A, Cipriano M, Seidavi AR & Salem AZM. 2017. The effects of antibiotic , probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 26: 295-306. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1377079
Onbaşılar E, Yalçın S, Torlak E & Özdemir P. 2009. Effects of early feed restriction on live performance, carcass characteristics, meat and liver composition, some blood parameters, heterophil lymphocyte ratio, antibody production and tonic immobility‌ duration. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41: 1513-1519. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9341-8
Özkan S, Plavnik I & Yahav S. 2006. Effects of early feed restriction on performance and ascites development in broiler chickens subsequently raised at low ambient temperature. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 15: 9-19. DOI: 10.1093/japr/15.1.9
Özkan S, Takma C, Yahav S, Söğüt B, Türkmut L, Erturun H & Cahaner A. 2010. The effects of feed restriction and ambient temperature on growth and ascites mortality of broilers reared at high altitude. Poultry Science, 89: 974-985. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00293
Petek M. 2000. The effects of feed removal during the day on some production traits and blood parameters of broilers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 24: 447-452.
Plavnik I & Hurwitz S. 1988. Early feed restriction in chicks: Effect of age duration and sex. Poultry Science, 67: 348-390. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0670384
Rahimi S, Seidavi AR, Sahraei M, Blanco FP, Schiavone A & Martínez Marín, AL. 2015. Effects of feed restriction and diet nutrient density during re-alimentation on growth performance, carcass traits, organ weight, blood parameters and the immune response of broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14: 583-590. DOI: org/10.4081/ijas.2015.4037
Saber N, Maheri-Sis N, Shaddel-Telli A, Hatefinezhad K, Gorbani A & Yousefi J. 2011. Effect of feed restriction on growth performance of broiler chickens. Annals of Biological Research, 2: 247-252.
Saffar A & Khajali F. 2010. Application of meal feeding and skip-a-day feeding with or without probiotics for broiler chickens grown at high-altitude to prevent ascites mortality. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5: 13-19. DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2010.13.19
Samanta S, Haldar S, Bahadur V & Ghosh TK. 2008. Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance, carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 787-796. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3146
Scheideler SE & Baughman GR. 1993. Computerized early feed restriction programs for various strains of broilers. Poultry Science, 72: 236-242. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0720236
Schmelzer C, Niklowitz P, Okun JG, Haas D, Menke T & Doring F. 2011. Ubiquinol-induced gene expression signatures are translated into altered parameters of erythropoiesis and reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans. IUBMB Life, 63: 42-48. DOI: 10.1002/iub.413
Seidavi AR, Ebrahimi A, Qotbi A­A­A & Nieto J­A­G. 2015. Effect of different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract on broiler performance, blood parameters, thyroid gland activity and bone ash. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 85: 1225-1228. DOI: 10.1111/asj.12250
Shabani S, Seidavi AR, Asadpour L& Corazzin M. 2015. Effects of physical form of diet and intensity and duration of feed restriction on the growth performance, blood variables, microbial flora, immunity, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens. Livestock Science, 180: 150-157. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.006
Shahir M, Dilmagani S & Tzschentke B. 2012. Early-age cold conditioning of broilers: effects of timing and temperature. British Poultry Science, 53: 538-544. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.719604
Shi-bin Y, Dai-wen C, Keying Z, Bing Z. 2007. Effects of oxidative stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities and activities of antioxidative enzymes of weanling pigs. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 20: 1600-1605. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.1600 
Singh PK, Shekhar P & Kumar K. 2011. Nutritional and manage mental control of ascites syndrome in poultry. International Journal of Livestock Production, 2: 117-123. DOI: 10.5897/IJLP.9000020
Sohail MU, Ijaz A, Yousaf MS, Ashraf K, Zaneb H, Aleem M & Rehman H. 2010. Alleviation of cyclic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide and Lactobacillus-based probiotic: Dynamics of cortisol, thyroid hormones, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and humoral immunity. Poultry Science, 89: 1934-1938. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00751
SPSS. 1997. SPSS Base 7.5 for Windows. SPSS, Chicago, IL.
Turkyilmaz MK. 2008. Effect of stocking density on stress reaction in broiler chickens during summer. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 32: 31-36.
Wijtten P, Hangoor E, Sparla J &Verstegen M. 2010. Dietary amino acid levels and feed restriction affect small intestinal development, mortality, and weight gain of male broilers. Poultry Science, 89: 1424-1439. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00626
Yahav S. 2002. Limitations in energy intake affect the ability of young turkeys to cope with low ambient temperatures. Journal of Thermal Biology, 27: 103-108. DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00021-3
Yousefi K. 2013. The effect of amino acids levels and methods of feeding on performance, development of ascites, immune response and intestinal structure of Arian broilers. Ph.D. Thesis Poultry Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Karaj. (In Persian).
Zubair AK & Lesson S. 1994. Effect of varying periods of early nutrient restriction on growth compensation and carcass characteristics of male broilers. Poultry Science, 73: 129-136. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0730129
Zhan XA, Wang M, Ren H, Zhao RQ, Li JX & Tan ZL. 2007. Effect of early feed restriction on metabolic programming and compensatory growth in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 86: 654-660. DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.4.654
Poultry Science Journal
Volume 8, Issue 2
November 2020
Pages 145-162

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics