Particles Size as Feed Quality Parameter in Ghana - A Case Study of Dormaa Municipality

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

1 CSIR-Animal Research Institute, Accra Ghana

2 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

Abstract

There is a general agreement between researchers that particle size of poultry feed should be between the size ranges of 600-900 µm. This study investigated the particle size of poultry feed produced in the Dormaa Municipality of Ghana. A survey was conducted on various feed mills which were made up of nine on-farm mills and five community-based commercial mills. Feed samples were collected from each mill and analyzed using the sieving method for the particle size. The results showed that 42% of mills produced feed coarser than the accepted particle size ranges of 600-900 µm. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the samples ranged from 608-1791 µm. A comparison of the on-farm and commercial feed mills showed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.669) between GMDs of the feed produced by the commercial and on-farm mills. This study confirmed that particle size analysis should be carried out routinely at the feed mills, in order to control the quality of the feed being produced.

Keywords


References

Addo A, Bart-Plange A & Akowuah JO. 2012. Particle size evaluation of feed ingredient produced in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7: 177-181.
Amerah AM, Ravindran V, Lentle RG & Thomas DG. 2007. Feed particle size: Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63: 439-455.DOI: 10.1017/S0043933907001560
ASAE, 2008. Method of Determining and Expressing Fineness of Feed Materials by Sieving., ANSI/ASAE S319.4 FEB03, American Society of Agricultural Engineers,Michigan, USA.
Avila VD, Jaenisch FRF, Pieniz LC, Ledur MC, Albino LFT & Oliveira PD. 1992. Produção e manejo de frangos de corte. Concórdia: EMBRAPA-CNPSA.https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/433992/1/doc28.pdf
Brown ISA. 2007. General Management Guide for ISA Hens. ISA BV, Boxmeer, the Netherlands.
Dozier WA. 2002. Reducing utility cost in the feed mill. Watt Poultry USA, 53: 40-44.
Dritz SS & Hancock JD. 1999. Grain particle size: Influence on swine and poultry performance and practical methods for monitoring. American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin, 632 pages.
Ensminger ME. Oldfield JE & Heinemann WW. 1990. Feeds and nutrition digest: formerly, Feeds and nutrition--abridged. 2nd ed. Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, CA.
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization. 2014. Poultry Sector Ghana, FAO animal Production and Health. Livestock Country Review.http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3663e/i3663e.pdf
Goodband RD, Tokach MD & Nelssen JL. 2002. The effects of diet particle size on animal performance. Kansas: MF-2050 Feed Manufacturing.https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mf2050.pdf
Herrman T. 2001. Sampling: Procedures for Feed. MF2036. Kansas State University. 8 pages.
Koch K. 1996. Hammermills and rollermills. MF-2048 Feed Manufacturing. Department of Grain Science Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan.
Lohmann B. 2005. Guide for laying hens: Lohmann Brown-Classic. Lohman tierzuct GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany.
Lott BD, Day EJ, Deaton JW & May JD. 1992. The effect of temperature, dietary energy level, and corn particle size on broiler performance. Poultry Science, 71: 618-624.DOI:10.3382/ps.0710618
Midwest Laboratories.2014. Particle Size
Analysis For Swine Feeds. Omaha:Midwest laboratories. Available from:https://www.midwestlabs.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/f406_particle_size_analysis_for_swine_feeds.pdf. Accessed on 20th March, 2016.
Neves DP, Banhazi TM & Nääs IA. 2014. Feeding behaviour of broiler chickens: a review on the biomechanical characteristics. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 16: 1-16.
Nir I, Shefet G & Aaroni Y. 1994. Effect of particle size on performance 1. Corn. Poultry Science, 73: 45-49. DOI:10.3382/ps.0730045
Oppong-Sekyere D, Donkoh A & Addo A. 2012. Effect of feed particle size on growth performance of broiler chickens in ghana. International Journal of Plant and Animal Science, 2: 241-247.
Pfost H & Headley V. 1976. Methods of determining and expressing particle size, In: H. Pfost (ed), Feed Manufacturing Technology II - Appendix C., Am. Feed Manufacturers Assoc., Arlington, VA.
Reece FN, Lott BD & Deaton JW. 1985. The effects of feed form, grinding method, energy level, and gender on broiler performance in a moderate (21 oC) environment. Poultry Science, 64: 1834-1839. DOI:10.3382/ps.0641834
Reece FN, Lott BD & Deaton JW. 1986. Effects of environmental temperature and corn particle size on response of broilers to pelleted feed. Poultry Science, 65: 636-641.DOI:10.3382/ps.0650636
 Schmider EZ, Danay M, Beyer E & Bühner LM. 2010. Is it really robust? Reinvestigating the robustness of ANOVA against violations of the normal distribution assumption. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 6: 147.DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241/a000016